Prime Minister of Canada - Role and Duties

Leader of Canada - Role and Duties The executive is the head of government in Canada. The Canadian head administrator is typically the pioneer of the ideological group that successes the most seats in the House of Commons in a general political decision. The head administrator may lead a dominant part government or a minority government. In spite of the fact that the job of leader in Canada isn't characterized by any law or established record, it is the most remarkable job in Canadian governmental issues. Head of Government The PM of Canada is leader of the official part of the Canadian central government. The Canadian head administrator gives authority and bearing to the legislature with the help of a bureau, which the PM picks, the PMs office (PMO) of political staff, and the privy committee office (PCO) of non-fanatic local officials who give a point of convergence to the Canadian open assistance. Bureau Chair The bureau is a key dynamic discussion in the Canadian government. The Canadian PM settles on the size of the bureau and chooses bureau priests ordinarily individuals from parliament and now and then a congressperson and relegates their specialty obligations and portfolios. In choosing the individuals from the bureau, the executive attempts to adjust Canadian provincial interests, guarantees a fitting blend of anglophones and francophones, and ensures that ladies and ethnic minorities are spoken to. The leader seats bureau gatherings and controls the plan. Gathering Leader Since the wellspring of intensity of the head administrator in Canada is as pioneer of a government ideological group, the PM should consistently be delicate to the national and local officials of their gathering just as to the grassroots supporters of the gathering. As gathering pioneer, the head administrator must have the option to clarify party arrangements and programsâ and have the option to place them without hesitation. In decisions in Canada, voters progressively characterize the strategies of an ideological group by their impression of the gathering chief, so the head administrator should ceaselessly endeavor to speak to countless voters. Political arrangements, for example, representatives, judges, diplomats, commission individuals and crown organization officials are regularly utilized by Canadian PMs to remunerate the gathering dependable. Job in Parliament The head administrator and bureau individuals have seats in Parliament (with infrequent special cases) and lead and direct Parliaments exercises and its authoritative plan. The leader in Canada must hold the certainty of most of the individuals in the House of Commons or leave and look for a disintegration of Parliament to have the contention settled by a political race. Because of time limitations, the PM takes an interest in just the most significant discussions in the House of Commons, for example, the discussion on the Speech from the Throne and discussions on disagreeable enactment. In any case, the head administrator safeguards the legislature and its strategies in the day by day Question Period in the House of Commons. The Canadian leader should likewise satisfy their duties as an individual from Parliament in speaking to the constituents in their riding, or appointive region.

Porter’s Diamond Model For China Free Essays

The get together industry utilizes the development elements to exploit over different nations. This is on the grounds that they have progressively taught workforce, this will assist them with doing their work at increasingly advanced route with better innovative enhancements, and essentially at less expensive cost which is the greatest favorable position for gathering industry till now. Government interest ahead of time factors has likewise given the business many taught laborers, as result profiting the gathering business overall. We will compose a custom article test on Porter’s Diamond Model For China or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now In the event that the local interest rises this will in general put the focus on the get together industry to concoct new plans and progressively inventive innovations to take the get together industry to new level. Accordingly different organizations like Nokia, Sony, HP who were at that point related with the china gathering industry they will be intrigued with this new enhancements, hence pulling in different company’s additionally towards the China get together industry. As a result of these immense upgrades of the gathering business numerous residential firms are presently urged to contribute all the more making progressively advance variables, with the goal that it encourages the business to turn out to be increasingly fruitful. This thus makes an upper hand for the business. Along these lines offering ascend to more rivalry, and improving the item or administrations more. Various nations have distinctive administration belief systems. As it is a get together industry all the more mechanically related chiefs are expected to deal with the business like specialists ought to be there at the top level so they will comprehend the best which machines to utilize, or which is more refreshed so they can run the business all the more well. Generally this will keep the business in pace with others, henceforth they will have the option to offer better types of assistance, drawing in increasingly remote organizations, and will likewise have the option to hold their situation at the pinnacle. The most effective method to refer to Porter’s Diamond Model For China, Papers

Analyze The Anatomical Structure Of Ten Essay Example for Free

Break down The Anatomical Structure Of Ten Essay Recognize among the four tissue types found in the human body. Furnish a case of each sort with its capacity and area. Epithelial tissue covers the body surface and structures the coating for most inward pits. The significant capacity of epithelial tissue incorporates security, emission, ingestion, and filtration. The skin is an organ comprised of epithelial tissue which shields the body from earth, residue, microorganisms and different organisms that might be destructive. Cells of the epithelial tissue have various shapes as appeared on the understudies worksheet. Cells can be slim, level to cubic to extend. Connective tissue is the most plentiful and the most generally dispersed of the tissues. Connective tissues play out an assortment of capacities including backing and security. The accompanying tissues are found in the human body, customary free connective tissue, fat tissue, thick stringy tissue, ligament, bone, blood, and lymph, which are totally viewed as connective tissue. There are three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and heart. Skeletal muscle is an intentional kind of muscle tissue that is utilized in the compression of skeletal parts. Smooth muscle is found in the dividers of inside organs and veins. It is an automatic sort. The cardiovascular muscle is discovered uniquely in the dividers of the heart and is automatic in nature. Nerve tissue is made out of specific cells which get improvements as well as lead driving forces to and from all pieces of the body. Nerve cells or neurons are long and string-like. Recognize among five distinct kinds of connective tissue with instances of capacities and area inside the body. Fat greasy tissue; kind of free connective tissue that stores vitality, protects and pads the body Fibrous Tissue made out of groups of collagenous white filaments between which are columns of connective tissue cells. Bone tissue Most unbending connective tissue, inside backings body structures, dynamic tissue, mends significantly more quickly than ligament tissue Dense, adaptable tissue like bone tissue blood tissue Comprises of platelets encompassed by nonliving liquid network called plasma. Funcion: transport vehicle for cardiovascular framework, conveying supplements, squanders, respiratory gases, and numerous different subs through body hemopoietic tissue Produces platelets that are added to the flowing blood, expels destroyed platelets from the circulation system, red bone marrow, lymphatic tissue, yellow bone marrow Analyze five unique sorts of epithelial tissue with instances of capacities and area inside the body. Basic squamous-single layer of slim, level, versatile cells each with a focal core. It lines inner holes, the heart and all the veins. Additionally lines portions of the urinary, respiratory, and male conceptive tracts. Separated squamous-comprises of numerous layers of cells. Deepest layer produces cells that are first cuboidal or columnar fit as a fiddle, however as cells push toward the surface, they become smoothed and start to gather a protein called keratin and in the long amazing. Keratin makes the external layer of epidermis extreme, defensive, and ready to repulse water. The linings of the mouth, throat, butt-centric trench, and vagina are instances of defined epithelium. The furthest layer of cells encompassing the cavity stays delicate, soggy, and alive. Basic cuboidal-single layer of 3D square formed cells, each with a focal core. Found in tubules of the kidney and in the channels of numerous organs, where it has a defensive capacity. It likewise happens in the secretory segments of certain organs, where the tissue delivers and discharges emissions. Basic columnar-single layer of tall, round and hollow cells, each with a core close to the base. This tissue, which lines the stomach related tract from the stomach to the butt, secures, secretes, and permits assimilation of supplements. Pseudo delineated ciliated columnar-seems, by all accounts, to be layered, however in reality all cells contact the cellar film. Numerous cilia are situated on the free finish of every cell. In the human trachea, the cilia wave to and fro, moving bodily fluid and flotsam and jetsam up toward the throat with the goal that it can't enter the lungs. Smoking devastates these cilia, yet they will develop back if smoking is ended.

The Purpose and Utopic Nature of Violence in Russ The Female Man - Literature Essay Samples

Russ’ The Female Man is a key text of feminist science fiction. Writing in response to Ursula Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness, Russ explores â€Å"gender, Utopia and the divided self† (xii) in her convoluted narrative that spans multiple universes and hundreds of years. A key concept in this exploration is arguably the theme of violence, which plays a prominent part throughout the various plotlines. Postulated as both a cause of and answer to female repression, female violence serves various purposes in the four different universes, from Joanna’s attempt to subdue Janet’s independence, to Jael’s visceral murder of a man who propositions her. Russ’ use of violence is in places shocking, in others cathartic, but always thought provoking as she seeks to close the gap between what her women essentially are, and what they (in the case of Joanna and Jeannine in particular) pretend to be. While not a utopian text in and of itself, The Female Man contains within it a world many critics describe as utopian: Whileaway. However, Whileaway also contains examples of violence, which instinctively seems to contradict the idea of a perfect society, or a traditional utopia. However, in considering Whileaway as a response to and reflection on the deficiencies of female agency, an argument could be made that the perpetration of violence could be read as a utopian element. Russ narrative structure purposefully blurs the lines between the four worlds she explores. Through the segmentation of her chapters (parts), with often little obvious continuation between speakers and events, Russ invites comparison between characters, episodes, worlds, and occasionally between the fictional situations of the book and reality. The reader is forced to piece together multiple plotlines and events, all the while exploring the minds and stories of four different women who are then revealed to all be the same women, in different time continuums. This muddling of events and persons forces the audience to reflect on the theme of the Everywoman; the shared experience of the female gender, and the role women are relegated to, despite differences in culture and society. In turn, the novel contains many different examples of violence, in many contexts and of varying severity. The treatment and purpose of female violence, in such a convoluted text, is difficult to ascertain an d streamline. However, there are underlying themes and ideas which intersect and are amplified by Russ’ portrayal of female violence, as well as surrounding political structures which both validate and condemn violence throughout the novel. Violence is thus arguably not only a novel inclusion here, but intrinsic to the effect of the text as a whole, helping develop the characters, the conclusion, and indeed the reader’s understanding of reality through reflections on the limitations women are subjected to in society. The beginning of The Female Man is littered with examples of not only male oppression, but female repression: â€Å"I’ll watch the ailanthus tree† (4) Jeannine thinks, in agreeing to make love without wanting to. â€Å"Say it loud. Somebody will come to rescue you.† (44) Joanna instructs Janet, while praying she doesn’t rescue herself. Although both Jeannine and Joanna’s social worlds are the product of previous male oppression, the majority of the action concerns women and their interactions with one another. Violence in The Female Man works primarily with this repression as being of more importance, part of the ‘divided self’. We see violence perpetrated in three main ways: to support repression, to combat repression, and regulated in the unrepressed society of Whileaway. In supporting repression, Joanna ineffectively attempts to contain Janet, working towards ‘civilising’ her. During the party on Joanna’s earth, J oanna repeatedly kicks and even strangles Janet, in an attempt to prevent her from upending the status quo of male-female interactions. Interestingly, although depicted as quite vicious, it is unclear as to whether or not these actions are actually perpetrated, or whether they take place solely in Joannas mind as she watches on. The lack of reaction to Joannas actions by their male companions suggest that Joanna was either incredibly subtle, or did not actually touch Janet. However, one man does notice a change in Janets expression, supposedly due to Joannas restraint, and he chalks it up to his own effect on her, showing comical ignorance of the actions of women outside his own presuppositions. The latter idea echoes strongly with other episodes throughout the book the interview between Janet and the male reporter upon first contact, for example, or Cals sexual persistence despite Jeannines aversion. Joannas violence, then, can be treated either literally or metaphorically, althou gh there is a stronger case for reading it literally. In any case, it perpetuates the doctrine of her world; that women are secondary to men, to the point that women themselves will punish other women who overstep their bounds. This episode also touches upon the theme of invisibility, which both Joanna and Jeannine try to circumvent, and Janet and Jael are confused by and ignore respectively. The latter two women, used to being both seen and heard amongst the women of their own worlds, break through this lack of acknowledgment through violence the two major scenes of violence in the novel. In the first half of the book, Janet becomes the subject of unwanted sexual attention, relegated to the position of an object to be imposed upon rather than a person in her own right. Having already spent the better part of an evening attempting to at least partly follow the social mores of the partygoers, Janet loses patience and physically subdues the male host, although she does not cause lasting harm. In contrast, when Jael is subjected to unwanted male attention while she attempting to conduct business in Manland, she relishes in the anger this stirs up within her, and violently kills the man in question. Although each situation differs in context and outcome, the interactions between men and women in both episodes follow essentially the same structure. The men and women come together for conversation, during which the men are presented as comically oblivious to their own sense of inflated superiority. The men automatically treat the women as being inferior, seeing them first and foremost as sexual objects to bolster their own egos. The women initially quietly refrain from upsetting the flow of things, until the men’s overtures overstep their bounds, resulting in the women quickly and physically subduing them. The physical reactions of both Janet and Jael are cathartic in different ways. With Janet, we see a character who has already been established as being intelligent, independent, and entirely self-sufficient, pigeon-holed into the position of a helpless, sexual object: If you scream, people say youre melodramatic; if you submit, youre masochistic; if you call names, youre a bitch. Hit him and hell kill you. The best thing is to suffer mutely and yearn for a rescuer, but suppose the rescuer doesnt come? (45) This role ill-fits the headstrong Janet. The juxtaposition between what the audience knows her to be, and what the host of the party presumes she is, is incredibly comical. The misinterpretation of the word savage, the insults he throws at her, his flipping through his small blue instruction manual, all work to render him a figure of contempt and ridicule. However, the true humour of the interaction lies on the part of Janet, who simply cannot be insulted by the notion that she will be undesirable to men. By using a character who cannot partake in the male/female dichotomy, simply because it does not exist for her, Russ sends up the implications of a world where women are seen to exist solely for the benefit of men. Similarly, Jael, who is also free of this dichotomy, is able to commit violence without fear of repercussion. She genuinely enjoys the buildup of anger and frustration, caused by the lack of awareness of the overimposing man: This is the time for me to steal away, leaving behind half my lifes blood and promises, promises, promises; but you know what? I just cant do it. Its happened too often. I have no reserves left. I sat down, smiling brilliantly in sheer anticipation†¦ (172) By the time both women take down their respective men, the audience is primed for a release, an answer to the indignation both women have been subjected to. What differentiates the two scenes however is the gratuitous, satirical violence Jael inflicts upon her victims, and the reactions of the other women to her actions. Janet has already been established as being averse to needless violence in a conversation with Laura Rose, and here all three women are visibly frightened. In contrast, Janet’s violence leaves Joanna, and indeed the audience, questioning their experiences of similar interactions, rather than repulsed. Her calm defense of herself renders the alternative simply allowing the inappropriate behaviour to continue somewhat ridiculous. Both Jael and Janet seem justified for their actions in context, but in comparison, Jael’s actions feel more morally objectionable. â€Å"Was that necessary?† she is asked, and the answer is obviously no, but Jael instea d responds with â€Å"I liked it† (177). The same question could be posed of Janet, yet it is not. Instead, Janet gently persuades Joanna to throw her little pink book, symbolic of repression, away. This suggests that Russ’ ideas of acceptable violence and female expression have limits. While Jael’s violence befits the war her world is perpetuating, Janet’s home planet of Whileaway is entirely at peace with itself, but not entirely without conflict. Whileawayan society comprises a curious mixture of freedom and regulation. The incredibly structured system of life milestones and societal expectations are juxtaposed with fluid familial structures, freedom to travel, and the doctrine of personal independence in the midst of a strong social framework. Women are encouraged to be curious, to roam as far away from home as they please, to form and dissolve families as needed, and to marry without monogamy. When contrasted with the three other worlds of the novel, Whileawayan society seems the most perfect model for happiness, and indeed is overtly stated to be so: â€Å"Janet†¦ living as she does in a blessedness none of us will ever know† (206). And yet, there is no emphasis on Whileaway for the importance of happiness over all else. Instead, pass ages detailing life on Whileaway describe the various intense emotions that arise over the course of a normal life. Mothers and daughters â€Å"howl† when the daughters are sent to school (45), the â€Å"sickness† of falling in love (74), Janet’s â€Å"grief about (for)† Jael. Anger and violence are facets of this freedom of emotion, most obviously culminating in the perpetuation of duels. Comparable to the duels in reality between men throughout history, which were often intrinsically tied to honour and convention, these duels are regulated by both law and social expectation. There is also a clear difference between duelling and murder: â€Å"it’s murder if it’s sneaky or if she doesn’t want to fight† (53). Duels on Whileaway, while a product of mutual dislike, also do not occur out of hate: â€Å"For sport, yes, okay, for hatred no. Seperate them.† (48). Regulated as such, duelling becomes not an escape from the constr aints of society, but rather a part of the social structure. Whileawayan society seems organised to promote individual freedom over the societal conventions. This includes facilitating and regulating anger and violence, rather than condemning or ignoring it. Violence is also treated as a normal part of growth: â€Å"Understand, I have put all that behind me now; I am an adult; I have a family.† (41). Perhaps most importantly however, violence is not an expectation of young women, nor the province of a special few, but a choice that all are capable of making. In the short story prequel to The Female Man, Russ explores the society of Whileaway when threatened with male astronauts from a declining earth. The character Katherina is depicted as more of a pacifist, less aggressive and overtly confident than her wife. Yet it is she who fires a gun at her would-be conqueror, stating that the reason she never allowed herself a gun up until that point was not because she was afraid of violence, but because she was afraid she would commit violence . This is in contrast to traditional ideas of men and women in reality, who are viewed as inherently violent and nonviolent, and are treated accordingly. Similarly, the treatment of female violence in literature contemporary to The Female Man is fairly atypical. In writing her satirical feminist treatise, the SCUM Manifesto, Valerie Solanas suggests a process gratuitous violence by ‘SCUM’ women, in order to rid the world of men. At the time, she was met with a certain amount of condemnation and disgust, and the treatise was used to malign all feminists after Solanas’ attempted murder of Andy Warhol. However, Solanas perpetuates this idea of a divide between women capable and incapable of violence, condemning the latter to ruin. Another example of female violence, Tiptree Jr’s novella Houston Houston, Do You Read?, focuses on graphic male violence and only hints at physical female aggression at the conclusion. Neither text supposes violence as an inherent part of all female nature, but rather a means to an end, and neither advocate violence as recreation (although the manifesto lavishes in its violent language). While women were portrayed as strong in both examples, Whileaway is unique in its novel presentation of female violence for ‘sport’, motivated by inclination rather than necessity. In this female-only world, violence is portrayed as the ultimate release from the social expectations of bi-gendered universes, the ultimate freedom. Many critics discuss Whileaway as an example of a Utopian society. Whileaway certainly contains many conventions of utopias, but also defaults on some typical utopian ideals. In contrast to other utopian books, which focus on the political, economic, and social organisation of society, Russ depiction of Whileaway focuses more on the human result, rather than the facilitating system. This is a move away from the earlier writers of the genre, such as More, Morris, and Bellamy, whose novels are overly concerned with a possible political solution, however unlikely in practice, to the injustices of their day. Comparable with Perkins Gilmans Herland, Whileaway is not a solution, but rather a more reflective meditation on gender-imbalances. However, this does not automatically deny Whileaway the status of utopia, either. To deem Whileaway a utopia, or not a utopia, is a convoluted matter which necessitates a broader discussion of the genre in general. A simpler question to consider here ins tead is whether or not the regulated violence of Whileaway necessarily denies it the status of utopia altogether. Violence is a necessary component for the overall argument of The Female Man and an inherent part of Janet’s character; her violence is a product of Whileaway, yet she is lauded as being part of a ‘blessed’ society nonetheless. Can violence have a place in a utopia at all? If the purpose of a utopian society is to describe a perfect, peaceful, society, with all sources of conflict negated in favour of perpetual happiness, then Whileaway must be excluded. However, if the purpose of a utopia is to reflect upon the limitations of a certain sect of society, either by remedying or drawing attention to the perceived flaws in a positive way, then Whileaway is most definitely a utopia. Both understandings of the genre are possible, but this latter reading is supported by Carol Farley Kessler, who in her exploration of United States feminist utopias deems female utopias a somewhat different beast from their male counterparts in the organisation of ideas. Although there are similarities between the two, and both forms function on the premise of a perfect society, the female utopias she studied lean towards the economic, political and social liberation of women, with a focus on political structure as â€Å"a means to the end† (Kessler, 118). In contrast, m ore traditional male utopias focus on â€Å"public policy as ends in themselves† (118), assuming that people will automatically benefit, and fall into line. These differing focuses political structure versus human benefit create different utopias. Whileaway falls in with the female utopian tradition, commenting on the repression of women and solving the issue by imagining a fictional society of women whose independence is paramount to their culture. Happiness is arguably not the end goal. The women of Whileaway are spirited, fierce, intelligent but not strictly happy. â€Å"Eternal optimism hides behind†¦ dissatisfaction† (52) in Whileaway, but it cannot be argued that they do not enjoy a level of freedom unequaled by their female counterparts in other universes. Anger and violence is an explicit part of that freedom. In a letter to the journal Frontiers written in 1979, Russ once highlighted the issue of women concealing their â€Å"female appetite in a culture which denies it and punishes us for it†. In her essay The Image of Women in Science Fiction, Russ asserts that â€Å"there are plenty of images of women in science fiction. There are hardly any women.† In bringing violence to both The Female Man and the world of Whileaway, Russ seeks to mitigate both concerns. The violence found throughout the novel is intermittently cathartic, reprehensible, reflective, and thought provoking. Janet, Jael, Jeannine and Joanna are Everywoman, attempting to make their way in society without compromising who they are, with varying degrees of success. Janet comes from the ‘perfect’ world, and will return to live her life unfettered and free, a potentially utopia despite its flaws. Jeannine and Joanna will continue as best they can, no longer attempting to abase themselves for the ben efit of others. Jael continues the war, power hungry, unabashedly violent, entirely uncontrollable. Yet the conclusion of the novel is not for them, but for the reader. Russ’ last sentiment is as witty as the rest of the novel; when the book is no longer relevant, and no longer understood, when violence and repression are no longer remarkable, that is when it will have achieved its purpose. Bibliography: Russ, Joanna. The Female Man. Gollancz, 2010. Morris, William, and Clive Wilmer. News from Nowhere, and Other Writings. Penguin Books, 2004. Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward: from 2000 to 1887. Applewood Books, 2000. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Herland. Womens Press, 1986. More, Thomas, Utopia. ed. H. V. S. Odgen. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1949. Kessler, Carol Farley. â€Å"WOMEN DARING TO SPEAK: UNITED STATES WOMENS FEMINIST UTOPIAS.† Utopian Studies, no. 2, 1989, pp. 118–123. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20718913. Solanas, Valerie. SCUM MANIFESTO. Verso, 2016. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"Letter from Joanna Russ.† Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, 1979, pp. 71–71. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3346543. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"When It Changed.† Again, Dangerous Visions, ed. Harlan Ellison. Doubleday, 1972. Tiptree, James. Houston, Houston, Do You Read? Doubleday Book and Music Clubs, 1996. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"Red Clay Reader, No. 7, November 1970.† The Country You Have Never Seen: Essays and Reviews, Liverpool University Press, pp. 205-218

Women s Suffrage By Susan B. Anthony - 1724 Words

â€Å"Women, we might as well be dogs baying the moon as petitioners without the right to vote!† These were the famous words of a key leader in the women’s Suffrage Movement, Susan B. Anthony. In the past, the rights guaranteed to men were not applied to women, and therefore caused great injustice. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that women started to take a stand and fight for their voting rights. As a result, these actions caused a positive impact in our country and now, women have equal rights as men, as it should. There are some that say that it is just another part of history and that there is no importance behind it, in other words, it is irrelevant compared to the Civil Rights Movement for example. Women’s suffrage was a positive impact through the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, their hard work and contributions, and their succession in the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. First and foremost, the fight for women’s rights is something that has occurred throughout time not only in the United States, but in every part of the world. When it comes to the United States, one cannot deny that it was an important historical event. â€Å"The struggle for women’s suffrage in the United States had occupied better part of a century† (Source 1). Truly a struggle, for it was not acknowledged by men in the past, primarily white man who had full rights in the nation. Susan B. Anthony was an important leading figure of the Suffrage Movement and contributed to the Suffrage Movement.Show MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage By Susan B. Anthony Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesWoman s Suffrage was the struggle for woman s right to vote and run for office. The mid 19th- Century women in different countries formed organizations to fight for suffrage. The first international woman s rights organization formed the International Council of Women (ICW) in 1888. 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Leadership and People - 9624 Words

Promoting Servant Leadership in the Youth Defining Leading and Leadership Leading is defined as: 1. Influencing others to take action toward specific goal. 2. Guiding and directing on a course, and as serving as a channel. A leader is someone who has commanding influence. Leadership is defined as: 1. It is the process of influencing and directing activities of members toward goal accomplishment. 2. It is about ordinary people who care. People who care enough to get extra ordinary things done. 3. It is the capacity and will to rally men and women to a common purpose and the character which inspire confidence. 4. It is simply not an art (emotional/instinctual) or a science (rational/acquired). It is a blend of the†¦show more content†¦And he is generous with his praise of my work – I guess, because this reflects well on his leadership in the eyes of outsiders. But at the same time and probably for the same reason, he comes down hard when we make mistakes or he feels that we have let him down. I sometimes resent being so uninvolved and feeling so unimportant. I would like to speak out and even disagree with the leader – for he is not right all the time, but I’m not sure how this would go over with the others in the group. While we spend a lot of time talking about the boss and his ways outside meetings, we tend to turn into lambs when he is around. I guess it is because we would not like to hurt and upset him. So things keep going on in the usual way. 2. Democratic or Participative Style Characteristics of democratic leaders can be summed up in the following: †¢ They are generally as concerned with maintaining group effectiveness as with completing the task to be done. †¢ They encourage members in their groups to express their ideas and feelings, because they believe that such a climate leads to greater creativity and commitment. †¢ If they encounter resistance or conflicts, they allow them to surface and they seek the help of their groups in removing the resistance or resolving the conflicts. †¢ They encourage joint decision-making as well as shared goal-setting. †¢ They rarely set policies without explaining the reasons and proposing them toShow MoreRelatedLeadership and People3116 Words   |  13 Pagesa Leader By: John Maxwell Leadership Outline 1. Character 2. Charisma 3. Commitment 4. Communication 5. Competence 6. Courage 7. Discernment 8. Focus 9. Generosity 10. Initiative 11. Listening 12. Passion 13. Positive Attitude 14. Problem Solving 15. Relationships 16. Responsibility 17. Security 18. Self-Discipline 19. Servanthood 20. Teachibility 21. Vision Character: â€Å"Leadership is the capacity and will to rallyRead MoreLeadership Is The Process Of Influencing People945 Words   |  4 PagesNurse Leader According to Huber (2010), leadership is â€Å"the process of influencing people to accomplish goals† (p. 4). Management is then defined as the process of coordinating and integrating resources by planning, directing, and organizing. Huber (2010) then goes on to explain that effective leadership is a blend of both leadership and management principles and techniques. It is important for nurses in management positions to demonstrate effective leadership qualities. 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Conversely, I also have Business Analysts in my title and that is the people leadership part of my job. While reading I found myself thinking that I wanted to be like each new approach in the reading and trying to figure out how it fit me and what I doRead MoreLeadership As Influencing A Person Or Group Of People964 Words   |  4 PagesBefore taking this class, I would define leadership as influencing a person or group of people in a positive manor. There is more to defining leadership than just influencing people. Leadership is also the ability to step outside your comfort zone and set a good example for those who surround you. It is taking the initiative, and finding what you are passionate about to help change something. Throughout this this semester we worked on becoming a better leader. What is means to be an effectiveRead MoreLeadership Is A Process Of Interaction Between People1433 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over time, theories of leadership have been a long time evolved, so far there are varies of definition of leadership. The most adequate definition that was agreed by this paper is â€Å"leadership is a process of interaction between people; is a behaviour that can influence a man or a group of people† (Xu, 2003, p. 46). In conclusion, leadership is a power that can influence, guide people to achieve the target that they all have. Management style means the leadership practices, Zagorsek, Jaklic Read MoreCan Leadership Be Learned Or Are Some People?1492 Words   |  6 PagesThere is the famous question: can leadership be learned or are some people simply born to be leaders? The answer to this question has been debated over and over. The preliminary question that must be considered however is what qualities make a good leader. Certain skills and behaviors are logical must haves, still there are many that are not as obvious; even as intellect is a definite requisite, for exampl e, being trained and well educated are just some ways intelligence and know-how can be acquiredRead MoreChurch Leadership : The Key Community Of People1593 Words   |  7 Pageskeys to success Church leadership, along with teams that are sent to the mission field should work together in identifying what needs to be done for the particular community of people. A relevant example of critical caring was in a local church body. The Worship Experience team, made up of a 200+ member choir, had clearly identified a group within this church community that would care for one another in satisfying common goals, and to accomplish the task of helping people get through tough timesRead MoreLeadership Is The Personal Capability Of Influencing A Group Of People1246 Words   |  5 Pages Mehdy Alany Leadership University of Phoenix MGT 521 â€Æ' Leadership is the personal capability of influencing a group of people to initiate a goal and to motivate them to work towards achieving that goal (â€Å"Leadership,† 2010). It is important to distinguish between leadership and authority for that, authority does not always indicate a person being in a leadership position. 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Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Report for Entrepreneurship of Entrepreneurial Motivation. Answer: Introduction: Entrepreneurial motivation plays a significant role in psychological throughout the process of entrepreneurship. According to Barba-Snchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2012), entrepreneurs cannot overcome the difficulties and pressures and continue to bear a series of the uncertainty without motivation. Baum, Frese and Baron (2014) stated that Motivation is a very broad and very complex psychological phenomenon which stimulate and sustain activities of individuals and to lead the activities towards a certain goal as these psychological phenomena is the basis of the constitutions of most of human behavior. Current research on entrepreneurship has focused largely on macro-level environmental forces. Although entrepreneurship largely depends on the decisions that individuals make about how to undertake the decisions and how such decisions are influenced by the economic and cultural environment. Research Informed Literature: Employee motivation is one of the key drivers of the success of the entrepreneur (Adamu, Kedah and Osman-Gani 2013). The active participation of newly created enterprises in dynamic economies has attracted considerable interest among academicians (Solesvik 2013). However, its contribution towards the growth of the economy is not said to be easy and entrepreneurs meets a lot of resistance on their journey (Webb et al. 2013). There are several variables are identified which can be considered common features of entrepreneurship including independent desire, high tendency to risk, broader need for achievement, locus towards the organizational control, and exploring broader chance for innovation. In the generalized idea, traits and characteristics has played a furthermost relevance to start-up decision-making in the context of the entrepreneurial personality (Byrne and Shepherd 2015). The consideration of start-up decision is thus such as the product of motives and intensions that vary ac cording to individualists traits and abilities of entrepreneurship. While taking decision for the success of the start-up venture, social and psychological influences are playing large role. It is always important to recognize the social cognition as thing about people. By utilizing the certain interpersonal traits such as risk taking ability, flexibility, energy and motivation, the entrepreneur can be able to design an organization and establish a social surroundings to perform comprehensively (Frese and Gielnik 2014). However, the narrow set of characteristics possessed by the small group often makes the average persons stereotypes of an entrepreneur (Garud and Giuliani 2013). On the contrary, Douglas and Fitzsimmons (2013) defined business is essential for the progress of the nation. Contribution towards the wellbeing of the society in several ways to improve living conditions of the people, the new startups and ongoing ventures often involved in sponsorship, welfare programs to provide the less privileged with benefits to improve their living conditions. The social entrepreneurship is another perspective of the environmental motivation which has increasingly become an important aspect for the development of economy because it creates economic and social values in the following areas: Employment development: By largely influenced by the economic and cultural environment, an entrepreneurial motivation is significantly contributes in job and employment creation (Garud, Gehman and Giuliani 2014). Social enterprises offer opportunities for employment and job training to segments of society at any employment disadvantage (Minola, Criaco and Obschonka 2016). Innovation/New goods or services: By developing new products and services, the entrepreneurs largely contribute in social and economic developments. For instance, the Brazilian social entrepreneur Veronica Khosa has a face renowned face that developed a home-based care model for AIDS patients. The nation has changed the government healthy policy later. Social capital: Entrepreneurial thought defines knowledge-structure of people who use judgments, evaluations and decisions which include using opportunities, risk taking and growth (Byrne and Shepherd 2015). By this approach they are largely contributed in the creation of social capital. The World Bank also sees social capital as critical for poverty alleviation and sustainable human and economic development. Equity promotion: The entrepreneurial motivation largely encourages for addressing social issues and to achieve ongoing sustainable impact through their social mission rather than purely profit-maximization (Audretsch, Kuratko and Link 2015). Therefore, the cultural motivation significantly influenced to contribute as change agents providing leading edge-innovation to unaccomplished social and economic needs. Knowledge and Understanding of the perspective of Entrepreneurial motivation and its contribution: Motivation is the internal psychological process of initiating, energizing, directing and maintaining goal-oriented behavior. According to Baum, Frese and Baron (2014), motivation is identified the psychological or psychological deficiency or need that activates behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. By giving efforts towards the organizational goals, the organization extended their social and economic contribution under effective entrepreneurs within the enterprise. There were several motivational researchers explored previously and discussed its effect or contributions on entrepreneurship. However, most of the definitions are found as inconsistent which make it difficult to draw directly implications of prior work for research using such definition. Earlier researches have correctly disapproved of an ample of the present experimental research on the function of human motivation in entrepreneurship (Snchez and Sahuquillo 2012). Hayton and Cacciotti (2013) indicated that activities of entrepreneurial can be conceptualized as a function of opportunity, structures and motivated entrepreneurs with access to resources. On the contrary, the researchers indentified numinous human motivations that largely influenced the process of the entrepreneurial factors. This entrepreneurial factors is the result of both motivational as well as the cognitive factors which includes ability skills and intelligence. Unfortunately, a clear connection between entrepreneurship and cognition is still not established because all such researches have newly explored. By the process of cognitive studies, the entrepreneurs can understand the how to achieve sustainable learning in order to see opportunities. This upgrades the entrepreneurial thinking and helps personality to shape through and within the culture. In several researches this has been discovered that culture is one of the factors that determine entrepreneurship; and this result created a lot of interest towards the relationship between the cognitive process and entrepreneurship. Previously, majority of researchers considered culture of the entrepreneurship and the personality as the core factors that affect entrepreneurship. In the recent times, however, the researchers have recognized the cognitive research theories in order to discuss the entrepreneurial thinking. Under the cognitive perspective, there are several factors are evaluated such as high level of uncertainty, pressure of time and exhaustion affect human cognition continuously and make people take new and sharp decisions all the time, strong emotions in the face of incidents and so on (Solesvik 2013). Therefore, this can be concluded that the cognitive process of entrepreneurial thinking has changed the complete perspectives of the corporate entrepreneurship by the characteristics of three functions such as development of new business units by established firm, development and implement of entrepreneurial strategies and emergence of new ideas from various levels in the organization. By these practices it is important to remember the cultural considerations while authorizing duties such as open communication, seek innovation, tolerance of failure accepts mistakes and so on. Analysis: Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intentions are indeed different on the psychological front; however several researchers identified those as an entrepreneurial aspiration, idea and driving force (Hayton and Cacciotti 2013). As for environment factors, they include overall condition of political, economic, and cultural factors and the surroundings and supporting degree of entrepreneurship from the government, all of these factors could influence entrepreneurial motivation. To discuss the current perspective of entrepreneurial motivation, it is important to identify the process of entrepreneurship for various reasons. According to Stenholm, Acs and Wuebker (2013), entrepreneurship drives innovation and the changes of technicalities, which are largely responsible in generation of economic growth. On the other hand, entrepreneurship is significant process by which new knowledge people can comprehend its role in the human development and intellectual capital. The article dep icts that entrepreneurship involves human agency. This process occurs because people act to pursue opportunities. There is an individual willingness and abilities which instigates to act on these opportunities because of the non-motivational individual differences. Abraham Maslow and Frederick Irving Herzberg theory of human needs identified psychological forces which drive human behavior. On the contrary, the Trait theory of entrepreneurship identified certain specific traits or characteristics or competencies which made them capable of generating new ideas and invent new ventures. Researchers have shown that the peoples willingness to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities depends on such things as their costs of opportunity, their stocks of financial capital, their social ties with investors and their career experience. In this article the researcher mainly identifies key features of entrepreneurship which includes innovation, risk taking abilities and opportunity spotting. On the other hand, Lin and Fernandez-Serrano (2014) measures entrepreneurial motivation on multiple dimensions including achievement, challenge and learning, independence and autonomy, recognition and status, social and community motivations and security of income and financial success and so on. Thus individual drivers of entrepreneurial motivation can be differentiated by the contractual drivers such as regional and national characteristics including macro-economic variables (GDP), formal institutions (systems of welfares and property rights) and informal institutions/national culture (Dim itratos et al. 2016). Barba-Snchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2012) discussed that the motivational influence of entrepreneurs has a significant role in economic growth. The growth of the nation, typically measured as GDP per capital is often considered as proxy indicator for the availability of resources to potential entrepreneurs. On the similar context, the deprivation level of the region is used to indicate the availability of opportunities and resources in a region. However, several studies have criticized because no on e investigating direct impacts of economic recession or the level of unemployment on entrepreneurial motivations (Yitshaki and Kropp 2016). An entrepreneur is a person who perceives a need that brings together manpower, material, requirement of capital to accomplish that need. In the modern business context, modern economic development is closely linked with production. The entrepreneur directs production and he has the working flexibility which is necessary for its success. In the general perspectives, the motivation is complex psychological phenomenon (Gupta, Chiles and McMullen 2016); it is influenced by the complexity of the individual factors as well as the environmental factors. Here the researcher evaluates how entrepreneurs prefer to manage risk. Compared to steady individual work, there is more uncertainty associated in the development of the new business; entrepreneurs have to bear the relatively high risk. On the contrary, Chell et al. (2016) pointed out that entrepreneurs of the larger organization took risk propensity as a controlled variable as it is found that risk propensity has important relationship bet ween the dependent variable. On the contrary several scholars recognized that entrepreneurs and managers have the difference in risk propensity. However, few have differentiated certain risks on the perspective of entrepreneurs and mangers. On the contrary, there are quite many scholars do not recognize that ten entrepreneur has higher risk propensity. They believe that entrepreneurs of the larger organization have the higher risks propensity because of their small received risk. According to Yitshaki and Kropp (2016), Everyone is an entrepreneur when he actually carries out new combinations. The environmental discovery is all about finding new combinations of factors or production that will become the main divers of the economic development. By this approach, it would be better ways to meet existing demand or develop new products, often making suitable technologies and product obsolete. Dimitratos et al. 2016) stated that the firm of the innovative entrepreneur will grow through the dual process of taking market share from current suppliers and increasing overall demand for the products offered in the market. Therefore, the deliberate entrepreneurial efforts can change market structures and can be propitious for additional innovations and opportunities of profits. This theoretical approach suggests that the cycle of the business are seem as the result of innovation, which consists of the generation of the new idea and its applied in the development of the ne w product, process and service, leading to the dynamic growth of the nation economy, the increase of employment and generation of profit for the innovative enterprise. However, such innovation must design after the requirements of the human relations. Several researchers referred Mayos Theory of Human Relations which addresses social needs of the workers in an organization. This entrepreneurial motivation theory sufficiently motivates employees to put their best effort after considering the social needs of them. In this way, the motivation plays a driving force behind all peoples actions. Those entrepreneurs who understand and use these theories that were developed previously in the literature, will be surely be able to motivate workers to work diligently and productivity. Practical Application and Deployment: After discussing entrepreneurial motivation and examining the influences over economic and cultural environment, this researcher developed a clear idea about that there is no single entrepreneurial personality or behaviors are dynamic in that they evolve over time. The research explores that work on the behavioral determinants and motivations of entrepreneurs can be divided into characteristics and cognitions (Solesvik 2013). Characteristics include demographics, traits and competencies. Cognitions include pattern recognition, styles of decision making, perception and heuristics. These concepts will enable an individual to understand variables of characteristics such as risk taking abilities and opportunity spotting. Furthermore, this researcher also formulate the idea that entrepreneurship is not solely the result of human actions, but it also influenced by the external factors such as the status of the economy, the actions of competitors, the availability of venture capital. Thus t he researcher identified that environmental factors are filed constant but several researchers argued that human motivation plays a critical role in the entrepreneurial process (Frese and Gielnik 2014). This concept facilitates user to formulate innovative and creative solution for the growth of the nation. For example, an entrepreneur shall be taken decision regarding the product development after identifying the market opportunities and the organizations risk taking abilities. However, a creative solution will be considered successful if an entrepreneur comprehensively contributes towards the nation economy after considering the socio-economic factors. The practical demonstration of entrepreneurship must be evaluated by discussed motivational theories. For instance, entrepreneurs will identify the social needs of the workers by the help of Mayos theory of human relations. Considering the psychological factors into the entrepreneurship, the authority will definitely manage the econ omic and cultural work environment. However, the secondary information about the dynamic concepts related to the entrepreneurial motivations shall be understood by the entrepreneur to perform more effectively. Skills for Professional Practice: In the general perspective, firm must continuously innovate in order to flexible, competitive and reactive to change. However, an entrepreneur often followed different motivational perspectives for initial of a business and explores how these differences influenced on the business performances. As per the survey report of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (Farhangmehr, Gonalves and Sarmento 2016) the motivations often evaluated on the basis of conventional opportunity driven and necessity- driven. For instance, Dav Lewis, the CEO of Tesco was followed a different motivation towards the success of the business. Cutting costs and energizing staff with innovative marketing campaign was the main motivational factor of the CEO (Cohen and Sharma 2016). This is a necessary-driven entrepreneurship skill which practiced for maintaining the competitive edge in the market. To involve in decision making process, the organization has given a perfect evidence of collaborative and working c onditions for their employees which greatly motivated them to perform better. A group of health care professionals (HCP) has followed the entrepreneurs psychological and cognitive profile and largely influenced the willingness of firm creation (Marques et al. 2013). By this evidence this can be concluded that entrepreneurial motivation has different perspective and largely influenced by the economic and cultural environment. References: Adamu, I.M., Kedah, Z. and Osman-Gani, A.M., 2013. Entrepreneurial motivation, performance and commitment to social responsibility: toward future research.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,18(2), pp.194-210. Audretsch, D.B., Kuratko, D.F. and Link, A.N., 2015. Making sense of the elusive paradigm of entrepreneurship.Small Business Economics,45(4), pp.703-712. Barba-Snchez, V. and Atienza-Sahuquillo, C., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones Europeas de Direccin y Economa de la Empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Barba-Snchez, V. and Atienza-Sahuquillo, C., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones Europeas de Direccin y Economa de la Empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Byrne, O. and Shepherd, D.A., 2015. Different strokes for different folks: Entrepreneurial narratives of emotion, cognition, and making sense of business failure.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(2), pp.375-405. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Cohen, A. and Sharma, P., 2016.Entrepreneurs in Every Generation: How Successful Family Businesses Develop Their Next Leaders. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Dimitratos, P., Buck, T., Fletcher, M. and Li, N., 2016. The motivation of international entrepreneurship: The case of Chinese transnational entrepreneurs.International Business Review. Dimitratos, P., Buck, T., Fletcher, M. and Li, N., 2016. The motivation of international entrepreneurship: The case of Chinese transnational entrepreneurs.International Business Review. Douglas, E.J. and Fitzsimmons, J.R., 2013. Intrapreneurial intentions versus entrepreneurial intentions: distinct constructs with different antecedents.Small Business Economics,41(1), pp.115-132. Farhangmehr, M., Gonalves, P. and Sarmento, M., 2016. Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students: The role of entrepreneurship education.Education+ Training,58(7/8). Frese, M. and Gielnik, M.M., 2014. The psychology of entrepreneurship.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.413-438. Garud, R. and Giuliani, A.P., 2013. A narrative perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.157-160. Garud, R., Gehman, J. and Giuliani, A.P., 2014. Contextualizing entrepreneurial innovation: A narrative perspective.Research Policy,43(7), pp.1177-1188. Gupta, V.K., Chiles, T.H. and McMullen, J.S., 2016. A process perspective on evaluating and conducting effectual entrepreneurship research.Academy of Management Review,41(3), pp.540-544. Hayton, J.C. and Cacciotti, G., 2013. Is there an entrepreneurial culture? A review of empirical research.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,25(9-10), pp.708-731. Lin, F. and Fernandez-Serrano, J., 2014. National culture, entrepreneurship and economic development: different patterns across the European Union.Small Business Economics,42(4), pp.685-701. Marques, C.S., Ferreira, J.J., Ferreira, F.A. and Lages, M.F., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and motivation to start up a business: evidence from the health service industry.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,9(1), pp.77-94. Minola, T., Criaco, G. and Obschonka, M., 2016. Age, culture, and self-employment motivation.Small Business Economics,46(2), pp.187-213. Snchez, V.B. and Sahuquillo, C.A., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones europeas de direccin y economa de la empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Solesvik, M.Z., 2013. Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions: investigating the role of education major.Education+ Training,55(3), pp.253-271. Stenholm, P., Acs, Z.J. and Wuebker, R., 2013. Exploring country-level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity.Journal of Business Venturing,28(1), pp.176-193. Webb, J.W., Bruton, G.D., Tihanyi, L. and Ireland, R.D., 2013. Research on entrepreneurship in the informal economy: Framing a research agenda.Journal of Business Venturing,28(5), pp.598-614. Yitshaki, R. and Kropp, F., 2016. Motivations and opportunity recognition of social entrepreneurs.Journal of Small Business Management,54(2), pp.546-565.

One Poet Two Poems Essays - Because I Could Not Stop For Death

One Poet Two Poems Two Poems. Two Ideas. One Author Two of Emily Dickinson's poems, Because I Could Not Stop For Death and I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died, are both about one of life's few certainties: death. However, that is where the similarities end. Although both poems were created less than a year apart by the same poet, their ideas about what lies after death differ. In one, there appears to be life after death, but in the other there is nothing. Only a number of clues in each piece help us determine which poem believes in what. In the piece, Because I Could Not Stop For Death, we are being told the tale of a woman who is being taken away by Death. This is our first indication that this poem believes in an afterlife. In most religions, where there is a grim reaper like specter, this entity will deliver a person's soul to another place, usually a heaven or a hell. In the fifth stanza, Death and the woman pause before ...a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground- The Roof was scarcely visible- The Cornice in the Ground- (913). Although the poem does not directly say it, it is highly probable that this grave is the woman's own. It is also possible the woman's body already rests beneath the soil in a casket. If this is at all accurate, then her spirit or soul may be the one who is looking at the house. Spirits and souls usually mean there is an afterlife involved. It isn't until the sixth and final stanza where the audience obtains conclusive evidence that Because I Could Not Stop For Death believes in an afterlife. The woman recalls how it has been ...Centuries- and yet feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses' Heads were toward Eternity- (913). To the woman, it has been a few hundred years since Death visited her, but to her, it has felt like less than 24 hours. Since the body cannot live on for hundreds of years, then it must be none other then the soul who has come to the realization that so much time has passed. The final part with the horses refers to the horse drawn carriage the woman was riding in when she passed away. In those two final lines, the horses seem to be leading her into Eternity, possibly into an afterlife. It is just the exact opposite is Dickinson's other poem, I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died, With this particular piece of literature, the clues which point to the disbelief in an afterlife are fewer and not as blatant, but are all still present. In this poem, a woman is lying in bed with her family standing all around waiting for her eventual death. While the family is waiting for her to pass on, she herself is waiting for ...the King... (914). No, we're not talking about Elvis, but instead this King is some sort of omnipotent being, a god. Later as the woman dies, her eyes (or windows as they are referred to in the poem) fail, then she ...could not see to see- (914). When she says this, what she seems to mean is she could not see any of the afterlife or Kings she expected to be there. The woman's soul drifted off into nothingness with no afterlife to travel to. To conclude, the beliefs of the two Dickinson poems in regards to life after death differ significantly. In one, life does exist, in the other it does not. To determine which poem believes in what, one must dig through the clues in each.

An Argument Against Graffiti essays

An Argument Against Graffiti essays Graffiti is defined by Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary as "inscriptions or drawings made on some public surface" (10th ed. 1996). Graffiti appears on bridges, billboards, and signs across the nation. Some people may consider the inscriptions or drawings a work of "art." The masses, however, consider this form of "art" dangerous, irresponsible and promote gang activity. The creation of graffiti is dangerous. Graffiti artists climb to high places to draw on highway signs or billboards. To get to these high places, the graffiti artist has either got to climb to the high place or in some cases, hang down from high places to draw their picture or make their inscription. This is taking an unnecessary risk. The artist may believe that their life is not in any danger, but if there is one wrong move, the artist can lose his life or be seriously injured. Still, the activity continues. Also, the creation of graffiti shows of blatant disregard for other's property. The graffiti artist do es not ask an owner for permission to draw on his property. He just does it. When the owner is a private entity, either the insurance company must absorb the cost of having to remove the work or the owner must take care of it himself. When the owner is a government entity, the taxpayers absorb the cost. The general public loses either way and the graffiti artist, unless caught, is free to create again. Another blight on the community is that graffiti promotes crime and gang activity. When a graffiti artist decides to go into a rival gang's territory and draw, the rival gang can take this as a form of disrespect. Sometimes graffiti artists broadcast the activities of street gangs, such as whether they plan to kill, or whether they have already killed. When this graffiti is written about one whom they are planning to kill or about one whom they have already killed, their enemies can get very angry and come looking for retaliation. This shows negative expr...

Evidence Based Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evidence Based Software Engineering - Essay Example BlueJ has been adopted to bring out teaching fundamental facts regarding object oriented programming. For one to learn object oriented programming without any difficulty, it will be important to use BlueJ. It is used to enable new learners get new concepts of Java programming in an easy way. The difficulties that are encountered in object oriented can be eradicated with the use BlueJ. BlueJ, like Eclipse, is used when programming applications in Java 2 Platform, and also the Standard Edition (J2SE). Developing simple programs is still possible as one can create objects and call methods that are associated with these objects using the user interface of BlueJ. The experience is simple and it is simple to understand classes and objects. Classes and objects are the building blocks that are required in programming. It is important to ensure that they are learning and adopted by new programmers. My friend will, therefore, require using BlueJ because the program is simple and does not have a lot of features (Kwan & Theodorou 2009). Another feature that is useful by using BlueJ programming language is the fact that there are UML diagrams which are manipulated by the learners as they write their programs. This enables users to interact with the program as they learn new facts about the objects and classes that are important in programming using the object oriented paradigm (Stoler 2004). Eclipse is a Java interactive development environment that is used when developing large programs. It has features that are complicated to novice programmers. It is important to use these features when the program will have to have the sophistication that befits it when it being used (Mahesh 2009). Between BlueJ and Eclipse, therefore, the one that fits the program that is being developed is BlueJ. The reasons that have been given are sufficient. BlueJ is used, mostly, for small programs. Their use fits a novice programmer (Papp 2001). Question 2 One particular problem that I found in u ndertaking step 2 of the evidence based software engineering methodology is that of getting articles which would address the problem I have. This is because there is no article I found that could talk exclusively about the two IDEs. Step two of the EBSE methodologies concerns about the search of the literature that will be used in the evaluation of the methodology of the Java development environments. The literature that I found in the search did not addressed the issue I was looking for. Most of the articles focused on the features of one IDE (Williams et al. 2008). Another challenge that I found while working on step two is that of the validity of data that I found. The information that I initially got from web search were not peer-previewed. It was, therefore, not easy to get information that would help I get the features of the two IDEs. Every time I got information that I thought would help, I found that the article did not mention the other IDE. Another challenge I found is th at the information in the articles was meant for teaching programming languages. It was hard finding information that would help in answer EBSE methodological question. Although this was the case I realized that it was important and beneficial at long last to have this approach and information (Stoler 2004). I found success, at long last, when I found literature that were helpful in the learning process.

How themes from gospel songs and the songs themselves have repeatedly Essay

How themes from gospel songs and the songs themselves have repeatedly been used in a rhythm and blues context - Essay Example This led to repetition of gospel music in a rhythm and blues context. Blues music can be said to be that music that developed from a blue note. Blues emerged as a result of self expression of the African-American community members in the United States of America, from gospel music, work songs, chant songs, and rhymed songs mainly meant to describe desperate moods of the African-Americans. At that time, according to Charles (2004) black music was termed as inferior. Blues music never needed other accompaniments during performances but, after some time they accepted the use of rhythm groups and horns rather than just the gutter alone. The general format of blues music can be traced back to the African music format of chorus answer format. It was noted that bluesmen like Skip James, Charley Patton, and Georgia Tom Dorsey are known to gain influence from spiritual songs. Gospel music developed in the early 1930s where most of the artists started performing gospel music in churches. Music ians such as King, Ruth Brown and Ray Charles are the leaders on transformation of country blues to modern blues and the developments of music blues from Soul. They are also credited for the improvement of vocal techniques that are applicable in the today’s contemporary world. Blues music was accused and named as having a great relationship with the devil's works. Over the years, it was known to incite violence among the city dwellers in the urban areas. According to Charles (2004), the artists protect the view, and there is no difference between blues, and other form of music. In gospel music, they use Jesus and blues they use baby. Arnold Show presents the golden year of the R& B music. During this time, the blues musicians who played the music came from the same place. For instance, the Chicago blues, all the musicians came from Chicago. It is also noted that blues is blues and that the tune does not change that s why gospel themes have been repeated severally (Arnold, 199 6). Ruth Brown and Dinah Washington are recorded as the first female R&B artists to perform blues and rhythms in a church setting. They succeeded in their music but, faced numerous challenges from the white community. In the long run, they ended up performing on stage as white singers. Ruth and Andrew (1996) indicate that this fact led to the success of their music both among the blacks and whites. Charles (2004) noted that he has been popular R&B artist for a long of time from 1930 to 2004. He is a singer, pianist, arranger, saxophonist, and bandleader. He is known to develop gospel music fused with, melodies, singing styles, harmonic and rhythmic patterns of gospels and secular remix. These influenced several singers to follow his procedures of fusing secular music with gospel music. Jerry Wexler, another R&B artist is known to have his music pass through the period of race till the modern era, where his music is known to influence many teenagers in the society. It was evident tha t the problem of fussing gospel music and secular music was rampant and, it became difficult for blacks to sell their music to the whites. The whites concentrated on selling their popularly known music and, never had any interest in Negro music. The demand of negro music was mainly from black buyers, the reason why gospel music kept repeating itself in blues and rhythm contexts. With the improvement of blues music, the whites started buying black music and the market moved from

Rome and Han Ccot Essay Example for Free

Rome and Han Ccot Essay RomeAncient Rome and Han China are different in the ways how their slaves were treated. Overall, they were ultimately more similar because of the importance of trade and family. Slaves in Ancient Rome were treated very harshly. They were put in gladiator fights to the death against fellow slaves and occasionally lions for the entertainment of the community, although it was against the law for a citizen to kill another citizen’s slave. Also, 10% of the populations of Rome were slaves, which means if one died, they could be easily replaced. RomeAncient Rome and Han China are different in the ways how their slaves were treated. Overall, they were ultimately more similar because of the importance of trade and family. Slaves in Ancient Rome were treated very harshly. They were put in gladiator fights to the death against fellow slaves and occasionally lions for the entertainment of the community, although it was against the law for a citizen to kill another citizen’s slave. Also, 10% of the populations of Rome were slaves, which means if one died, they could be easily replaced. In contrast, only 1% of Han China’s populations were slaves. They were much more valued and thus their owners treated them better. There were two kinds- Privately Owned and State Owned. These slaves could pay for freedom, or be freed by their master or the emperor. It was against the law to kill these slaves at all. Trade in Rome was thought to be beneath the occupation of landholding, although they continue to practice trade throughout Roman history. The Senate was not allowed to participate in commerce because they were too prestigious to be affiliating with it. Similar to Han China, agriculture was a much better occupation than trade. Merchants, however wealthy, were looked down on because they looked like they could surpass social boundaries because of their riches. In Ancient Rome, loyalty to family and state was highly important. The nobles of Rome were constantly reminded to be aware of their fathers and grandfathers successes. We know this because the term pietas; meaning â€Å"dutifulness†; depicts these values. Also, we know of these the importance of family because typically at a Roman funeral, they would exhibit masks’ of their ancestors and their deeds. This regard to ancestors resembles that of Confucianism, which was highly practiced in Han China. The core of Confucianism was known as â€Å"filial piety†, meaning the respect and obedience that children owed their parents.

Essay on Personal Freedom Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

Search for Personal Freedom Song of Solomon      Ã‚  Ã‚   Personal freedom is the ability to ignore societal and familial influences to find the true sense of self. Individuals are truly liberated when they are physically, mentally, and spiritually free. The search for personal freedom is exemplified in Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison. The main protagonist, Milkman achieves personal freedom through attainment of knowledge, by confronting his family, and by overcoming the prejudices of society.    Knowledge is a primary factor in the attainment of personal freedom. This includes not only scholarly education but also awareness of historical heritage and familial legacy. The fact that African-Americans were held in human bondage cannot be forgotten; it has to be remembered and passed on through rememory. Moreover, literacy gives minority cultures a voice to reach out to others with encouragement and hope.    Milkman has a high school education which he took for granted. For Milkman to achieve personal freedom, he needs to search for his ancestral roots. Milkman's father, Macon Dead, Jr., denies Milkman his rememories because Macon assumes that achieving the American Dream means erasing his past. However, as stated above, Morrison believes Milkman has to remember; he has to know his past in order to know his self. His father taught him that Athe one important thing you'll ever need to know: Own things. And let the things you own own other things. Then you'll own yourself and other people too@ (Morrison 55). Macon falsely leads Milkman to believe that "You'll be free. Money is freedom Macon. The only real freedom there is" (163). Milkman buys into his father's fallacy as he too frantically searches for the gold that will s... ... personal freedom is not an easy one, but we must persevere. Milkman's realization of his personal freedom came as his life ended. We must all remember the old Chinese proverb "The longest journey begins with a single step".    WORKS CITED Carmean, Karen, Toni Morrison's World of Fiction, Troy: The Whitston Publishing Company, 1993. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Plume, Peach, Norman. Modern Novelists Toni Morrison. Ed. Norman Page. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Storhoff, Gary. "'Anaconda Love': Parental Enmeshment in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Style 31 No. 2 (Summer 1997). 290-309. September 18, 2001 <http.//p26688.cl.uh.edu:2071/cgi-bin/web>. Willbern, David. "Reading After Freud." Ed. G. Douglas Atkins and Laura Morrow. Contemporary Literary Theory. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989. 158-179.

Macroeconomic Performance of the Ten Countries Essay

What was Expected from the Governments and Central Banks of These New Entrants? On May 1, 2004, ten Central European and Mediterranean countries joined the EU and their names are as follows: Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia.   This raised the enlargement to 25 countries that comprise of 450 million people, which is more than the population of the U.S. and Japan combined. [1] This accession will compel the new member states governments to utilize the EU legislation without much exception and will enable them to enjoy all the advantages that go with it, and once they go through a certain period and show improvements, they will be included in Schengen area and the euro zone. In addition, from the year 2004 to 2006 they are entitled to receive a payment of 45 billion euros in a form of a community aid and 30.7 billion euros in a form of payment appropriations.   As a result, according to two treaties that were signed in Amsterdam and Nice that were the basis through which the enlargement was conducted, the intent of the whole arrangement was to make the enlarged Europe more democratic, transparent, and effective calling on all governments to work on these areas. The end result of the enlargement had been labeled as a historical precedence that will change the dimensions of the continent and it is believed to put the division of the past behind ushering in democracy, freedom, and stability to the whole region.   At the same time it is believed that it creates opportunities for all involved where the early 15 nations business share and economical activity had increased, while the new entrants have also reaped economic advantage that was not available for them before the assesstion. What had come into existence is a union of 450 million people and had already represented at the time the union was effected one-fourth of the world wealth, giving the region a new leading economic power.   In addition, the role the continent is playing in the international scene had gotten enhancement, especially in security and defense policy. [2] The new states and their governments that are joining the Union will have to adhere to the Copenhagen Criteria and it has three components.   The first component is any of the nations that are joining the union should reach a certain level of stability and should have establishments that oversee and guarantee democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and the observing of the rights of minorities.   Then the second one which is an economic criteria stipulates that the nations adhere to the principle of the market economy and have a mechanism that enables them to deal with competitive pressure and market forces that will be directed at them after joining the EU. What is called acquis communautaire adoption criterion anticipates that the candidates should put themselves in a position to shoulder the membership’s obligations, as well as a strict adherence to the principles of the political, economic, and monetary union.   Through all this process the Union is responsible for evaluating, recommending, and approving of the states’ performance and it will evaluate the capacity of the Union to absorb more members without affecting the normal functioning of the existing Union members. The process starts when European countries apply to join the Union and that will be evaluated based on how the applicant nations with the guidance of their respective governments meet the Copenhagen political and economic criteria, and the accession is granted only when the requirements are met.   The nations through their governments will have to agree to apply the EU legislation that is over 80,000 pages from day one, even if there are a few exceptions that will allow the new entrants a leeway as long as it is not going to intervene with the smooth operation of the activities of the other members.   When the EU is convinced that the applying nations meet all the requirements of the Copenhagen criteria the next phase will kick in, which is the signing of the accession treaty. [3] The ten Central European and Mediterranean states, through macroeconomic plans that were introduced and carried out by their respective governments had gone through this process before getting permission to join the Union.   And once they joined the Union there are more questions arising because it is difficult to say what currency they should be using and as long as they meet the Maastricht criteria they are expected to the join the euro zone by abandoning their own currency. Here the various central banks play a leading role because it is known that it will take them some time to meet the requirements and while working to meet the requirements they will have to focus on their structural and economic reforms so that they will manage to have a better convergence in both nominal and real terms.   Since the other requirement before joining the euro is entering the Exchange Rate Mechanism of the European Monetary System, the ERM II will require them to abandon their own monetary policy. It does not necessarily mean this route fits everyone since the rigorous stability requirement applied by the exchange rate could derail the existing stand of their current account, simply because when there is appreciation in their currency it will affect their competitiveness, because of the high price they will be forced to charge.   The other worry is joining the ERM II should not result in overvaluing their currency whereby they will be obligated to devalue their currency in the two years test period.   From what had been witnessed most of the nations had an open economy that was heavily reliant on trade with EU countries and if they can eliminate the transaction cost in any way, which would include currency exchange, they will embrace it. [4] The final outcome was from the ten countries that joined the Union Slovenia, Lithuania, and Estonia were able to enter the ERM II and were expected to join the euro zone on January 1st, 2007, simply because they had met most of the criteria. But the only nation that managed to join the euro was Slovenia showing that the others did not meet some of the requirements, they need more time to make the adjustments, and might be able to join the euro by the year 2008. The other three nations Latvia, Cyprus, and Malta had also joined ERM II and could join the euro in 2008.   The remaining members Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland are deemed to wait longer to better meet the criteria.   [5] The Macroeconomic Policy These Nations had been Following After Joining the Union. To address this question starting from the Central European nation that just joined the euro zone in January 1, 2007 might shed light on the areas that the nation did right while the other two nations Lithuania and Estonia will have to wait at least up to 2008 to be evaluated if they would meet the requirement of the ERM II.   The nation had $17,290 per capita income in 2005, it had a population of two million people, and it was among the most successful transition economies.   The nation’s GDP per capita in 2005 was 81% of the other EU members, which must have helped it to get a high score, since it is the only nation that has such a high percentage. According to the report the prosperity of Slovenia is due to its gradual and consensual approach to reform, which has made it different from the other nine countries.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has worked hard to attain this position although lately its competitiveness is eroding.   Another area that had lagged was foreign direct investment (FDI) due to the slower pace and the general reluctance to interact with foreign sources resulting the FDI to be 1.2% of GDP between 1997-2005.   Even if it had reached once to 7% of GDP it had gone back to .02% of GDP in 2005 and this falling behind is curtailing the advancement the nation could have attained, yet it did not prevent it from joining the euro, simply because the possibility is within reach. [6] As far as economic growth is concerned the nation has averaged 3.9% it the mentioned period and had managed to fend off macroeconomic imbalances that were commonplace with the other transitional economies and its tight fiscal and monetary policy had resulted in allowing it to have a near balanced budget with a 1.7% budget and 1.1% current deficit, another good performance that was coupled with an enhanced foreign trade. The country also had managed to bring inflation under control and it had it at a single-digit since 1996.   Another advantage the nation had was it had a strong performance where the GDP growth was at 3.9% fueled by a rise in foreign demand.   In all this, inflation was under control at 2.5% and that was attained by allowing wage to lag behind productivity growth, by making up for oil price increase by introducing excise tax, and by attaining a stable exchange rate. [7] The next nation to look at is Lithuania which was among the three nation that were slated to join the eruo in 2007,   but has not made it and looking at its performance might shade light on how it fared.   The first glaring difference between the two countries is the per capita income where in Lithuania it was $7,210 in 2005 even if the population in Slovenia was only 1.4 million, whereas the population in Lithuania is 3.4 million. Other than that the GDP growth of 7.5% was much higher and it was the fastest growing economy in the region. It also had much more to export, which included refined oil, machinery and equipment, and textile.   It is not different than the other countries that are heavily dependant on the euro zone for their exports, the average being 60%.   The other advantage it had over Slovenia was it had enjoyed a peak GDP growth of 10% in 2003 since it was in a better position to create wage growth by bringing down unemployment from 17% down to 6% and in doing that it had got help from the EU fund that it was entitled for joining the Union in 2004. At the same time, it had a much better domestic demand that is enabling it to drive its economy.   Yet, there is a sign of heating of the economy as there is shortage of workers since they are migrating to the UK and Ireland.   After joining ERM II it had shown an impressive commitment to adopt the euro and was able to liberalize its pricing and most of its trades had been directed to the EU zone.  Ã‚   The other factors such as privatization had been taken care of to the point where all factors of production are in the private hands, and it had also been working in the area of FDI that is seeing a steep increase.    If there is another aspect that is holding it back it could the unparalleled poverty level in the nation and it is at 52% purchasing power parity compared to 81% enjoyed by Slovenia.   And one of the reasons that it did not qualify might be at least 16% of its population lives under the poverty line and poverty is widespread in the rural area where it is considered to be up to 57% of the poor are living.   That area might be the reason that contributed to its being held back for a while since all the indicators including health and education are going badly lacking in these regions. [6] Estonia that was in the list to join the euro in January 1, 2007 with the other two nations is a relatively smaller country with a population of 1.35 million and its per capita income is $9,100.   This nation has fewer natural resources and it depends on trade for the most part.   Its main specialty export is telecom.   Its GDP growth performance was not bad at 7.5%. The country had been a main gateways for trade between the Soviet Union and the West that is said to have given it some advantage and because of that the education level and the standard of living of the people was higher that other member countries. In 2005 its GDP growth had reached 9.8% resulting in the heating up of the economy as the unemployment rate had gone down, while at the same time workers are migrating to the other EU countries.   What is driving its economy is the domestic demand that is expanding due to income growth and credit expansion that is also taking export higher.   If there is any problem highlighted it is the overheating of the economy and the current account defect that is at 11% of GDP in 2005 and was at 13% in 2004, which would mean this could be one of the reasons why its plan to join the euro in 2007 had been postponed. [8] The other three nations slated for 2008 to join the euro are Latvia, Cyprus, and Malta.   Latvia has a per capita income of $6,750 and has 2.3 million people where one-third of them are living in the capital city.   The nation has few natural resources and is an importer for the most part and the import includes natural gas, oil, and electricity.   The source of GDP for 2005 was 23% industry, 73% service, and the remaining 4% was from agriculture. The country had some difficulty adjusting after it left the Soviet Union and the situation was turned around by the fiscal discipline the government introduced, where a cap was put to the subsidies enterprises were getting.  Ã‚   The government’s early liberalization effort had enabled the nation to join WTO in 1999.   Overall, the nation had converted itself into a market economy, which enabled it to join the EU in 2004.  Ã‚   Market and price liberalization, privatization, restriction on foreign transaction all are in the right perspective and the result had been positive where privatization is almost complete. Other areas overhauled were the legal system, institutions, and the social safety net.  Ã‚   The GDP growth had made it to 10.2% in 2005 and the unemployment rate was at 8.7% in the same year.   Some of the malice that is affecting the other nations such as low-income level, which was at 47% of the EU average had not spared this nation either.   Because of that labor migration had been escalating after joining the Union which is feared to create a problem in the long run while at the same time the population is aging.   Because of this there is a fear of overheating and the deficit has reached 12.4% while inflation is at 6%, which has contributed to the holding back of the nation from joining the euro and that might be possible in 2010. [6] Cyprus on the other hand has a highly developed infrastructure with a population of 784,000 and with a per capita of $7135.   The macroeconomic policy of the government had focused on meeting the requirement of joining the EU.   There was oil discovery in the sea south of Cyprus and negotiations had gone underway with the neighboring Egypt how to exploit the finding. The overall market structure is based on a free-market basis and is heavily dependant on the service sector, yet there is lack of investment from government and private sector, while at the same time the high cost of freight had been scaring business away, and all this had been worsened by the lack of skilled labor.   In spite of this handicap, the GDP growth rate had made it to 11.4 in 2004 and yet it is lagging behind in attracting FDI.   Even if there is a political problem between the north and south, this particular nation might be among the nations that would join the EU in 2008. [9] Malta is also another island with a population of 404,000, which had transformed itself into a freight transshipment and a financial center as well as a tourist destination.   In addition, it has some limestone and a better productive labor force than Cyprus where the economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism.   Its per capita income is much higher than most countries at $20,300 and the unemployment rate for 2006 was at 6.8%.   The island has liberalized its market and privatized some government-controlled firms and the possibility that it might join the euro zone is there. [9] The other nations Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, are much bigger nations and there is Slovakia also that are slated to join the euro gradually after meeting the criteria, which might prove to be difficult to them because of their size.   If we take the case of the Czech Republic, it has a population of 10.2 million and a per capita income of $11,110 making it among the highest income earning countries.   After joining the EU in 2004 the process of transforming the economy from centrally planned to a market driven economy is almost complete.   There had been a considerable fiscal consolidation, and the inflation is low at 1.8%, while at the same time it had no problem with its balance of payments. Foreign direct investment is 50% of the GDP making it the only nation that enjoys such inflows of investment, yet, in spite of it, it had a high unemployment rate of more than 8% and is persisting, which might have been because of its high population that is not affected much by the migration of labor. The GDP growth for 2005 was 6%, attained mainly through export created through FDI in the automotive sector.   The fiscal deficit for 2005 was at 3% whereas the current account deficit fell to 2.3% for 2005.   Because of the high unemployment, which is the outcome of sluggish economic performance it might have to stay a bit longer before joining the euro, although the expectation is it will meet the requirement eventually. [10] More or less, the same is applicable to the other three countries Hungary, Poland, Slovakia whose population is 10 million, 38 million, 5.4 million respectively, making Poland the highest populated country among the EU-10 countries.   While Hungry had $10,050 per capita income, Poland had $7,110, and Slovakia had $8,130 in 2005.   Poland had to deal with structural reforms to consolidate public finance, tackle unemployment and poverty, work on making the nation attractive for business by introducing a more efficient government. The fact that up to seven million people live in poverty does not make it look as a good candidate for the euro yet and the unemployment rate is the highest at 16%.   However, the situation is a bit changing after joining the EU in 2004 and there was a growth of 5.3% in GDP in 2004, which created high consumption level, investment opportunity, and a better exporting level, and eventually it will make it a proper candidate to join the euro as it is working to meet that goal.   Its FDI is at 5% of GDP and that is low for such a large country although its inflation rate is low at 2.1% and its current account defect is also under control. [6] On the other hand, Hungary is in a much better position since it was able to attract FDI that is enabling it to build a robust private exporting sector.   If there is a problem, the budget deficit is at 8% due to higher public spending and tax reduction, which could affect the economy in the long run.   Inflation had slowed down to 3.5% for 2005 which was due to regulated prices and a decrease on indirect taxes. The unemployment rate stood at 7.2% in 2006.   Even if the government had introduced a fiscal consolidation program what might be needed to change the situation is a long term structural reform.   Hungary is moving steadily to join the euro gradually, and is better situated than the rest of the countries that are in line to join the euro in the coming years. [6] Slovakia is also in a similar situation with the others where it had a 6% GDP growth in 2005 and had unemployment rate of 16.2%.   In recent years, especially after joining the EU in 2004 it had undertaken major steps to decentralize its economy.   The government had introduced reform in many areas including welfare, pension, health care, labor market, and public finance.   Its GDP for 2005 grew by around 6% and inflation was at 2.7%. The fiscal deficit was at 3.3% while the current account deficit had been 7.8% of GDP for 2005 and it had FDI rate 2.7% of GDP.   Overall, it is working toward meeting the EU’s criteria to join the euro although it is difficult to say when it will meet all the requirements. [6] The conclusion is, there are requirements these nations will have to meet and the major ones are to tackle high level of inflation, a budget deficit below 3% of GDP, the public debt has to be at a manageable level, and maintaining a long term low interest rate in parallel to other central banks. If these are in place side by the side with the Maastricht and the Copenhagen Treaty criteria the time it will take them to join the euro will be shorter. Otherwise, their participation could affect the smooth operation of the whole Union, as well as it will put them at a disadvantage offsetting their whole fiscal and monetary policy. [11] REFERENCE The Union Welcomes Ten New Countries [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.delnam.cec.eu.int/OurNewsletter/2004/ECNewsMay04.pdf.   March 14, 2007. European Parliament Fact Sheet. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.europal.europa.eu/facts/2_3_0_en.htm.   March 14, 2007. The Challenge of European Economy in 2004. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2004/html/sp040129.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Euro in a Wider Circle. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ece.int/press/key/date/2004/html/sp041119.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Redefining Europe. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚   www.inter-dicpilanry.net/AUD/AUD2/s10.htm.   March 14, 2007. World Bank. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.worldbank.com (countries).   March 14, 2007. ECB Panel Intervention at the Euro Conference. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚   www.ecb.int/press/date/2007/html/sp07115_1.en.html.   March 14, 2007. Commission Assessment of Estonia Convergence. [Online]. Available:   http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/about/activities/sgp/country/commass/ee/ass_ee20032004.   Ã‚  Ã‚   March 14, 2007. CIA The World Fact Book. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://cia.gov (countries).   March 14, 2007. Macroeconomic. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/books/pdf_0304/III.pdf.   March 14, 2007. The European Union and Its Expanding Economy. [Online]. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://jpn.cec.eu.int.home/speech_en_speech%2009/2005.php.   March 14, 2007