Prime Minister of Canada - Role and Duties

Leader of Canada - Role and Duties The executive is the head of government in Canada. The Canadian head administrator is typically the pioneer of the ideological group that successes the most seats in the House of Commons in a general political decision. The head administrator may lead a dominant part government or a minority government. In spite of the fact that the job of leader in Canada isn't characterized by any law or established record, it is the most remarkable job in Canadian governmental issues. Head of Government The PM of Canada is leader of the official part of the Canadian central government. The Canadian head administrator gives authority and bearing to the legislature with the help of a bureau, which the PM picks, the PMs office (PMO) of political staff, and the privy committee office (PCO) of non-fanatic local officials who give a point of convergence to the Canadian open assistance. Bureau Chair The bureau is a key dynamic discussion in the Canadian government. The Canadian PM settles on the size of the bureau and chooses bureau priests ordinarily individuals from parliament and now and then a congressperson and relegates their specialty obligations and portfolios. In choosing the individuals from the bureau, the executive attempts to adjust Canadian provincial interests, guarantees a fitting blend of anglophones and francophones, and ensures that ladies and ethnic minorities are spoken to. The leader seats bureau gatherings and controls the plan. Gathering Leader Since the wellspring of intensity of the head administrator in Canada is as pioneer of a government ideological group, the PM should consistently be delicate to the national and local officials of their gathering just as to the grassroots supporters of the gathering. As gathering pioneer, the head administrator must have the option to clarify party arrangements and programsâ and have the option to place them without hesitation. In decisions in Canada, voters progressively characterize the strategies of an ideological group by their impression of the gathering chief, so the head administrator should ceaselessly endeavor to speak to countless voters. Political arrangements, for example, representatives, judges, diplomats, commission individuals and crown organization officials are regularly utilized by Canadian PMs to remunerate the gathering dependable. Job in Parliament The head administrator and bureau individuals have seats in Parliament (with infrequent special cases) and lead and direct Parliaments exercises and its authoritative plan. The leader in Canada must hold the certainty of most of the individuals in the House of Commons or leave and look for a disintegration of Parliament to have the contention settled by a political race. Because of time limitations, the PM takes an interest in just the most significant discussions in the House of Commons, for example, the discussion on the Speech from the Throne and discussions on disagreeable enactment. In any case, the head administrator safeguards the legislature and its strategies in the day by day Question Period in the House of Commons. The Canadian leader should likewise satisfy their duties as an individual from Parliament in speaking to the constituents in their riding, or appointive region.

Porter’s Diamond Model For China Free Essays

The get together industry utilizes the development elements to exploit over different nations. This is on the grounds that they have progressively taught workforce, this will assist them with doing their work at increasingly advanced route with better innovative enhancements, and essentially at less expensive cost which is the greatest favorable position for gathering industry till now. Government interest ahead of time factors has likewise given the business many taught laborers, as result profiting the gathering business overall. We will compose a custom article test on Porter’s Diamond Model For China or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now In the event that the local interest rises this will in general put the focus on the get together industry to concoct new plans and progressively inventive innovations to take the get together industry to new level. Accordingly different organizations like Nokia, Sony, HP who were at that point related with the china gathering industry they will be intrigued with this new enhancements, hence pulling in different company’s additionally towards the China get together industry. As a result of these immense upgrades of the gathering business numerous residential firms are presently urged to contribute all the more making progressively advance variables, with the goal that it encourages the business to turn out to be increasingly fruitful. This thus makes an upper hand for the business. Along these lines offering ascend to more rivalry, and improving the item or administrations more. Various nations have distinctive administration belief systems. As it is a get together industry all the more mechanically related chiefs are expected to deal with the business like specialists ought to be there at the top level so they will comprehend the best which machines to utilize, or which is more refreshed so they can run the business all the more well. Generally this will keep the business in pace with others, henceforth they will have the option to offer better types of assistance, drawing in increasingly remote organizations, and will likewise have the option to hold their situation at the pinnacle. The most effective method to refer to Porter’s Diamond Model For China, Papers

Analyze The Anatomical Structure Of Ten Essay Example for Free

Break down The Anatomical Structure Of Ten Essay Recognize among the four tissue types found in the human body. Furnish a case of each sort with its capacity and area. Epithelial tissue covers the body surface and structures the coating for most inward pits. The significant capacity of epithelial tissue incorporates security, emission, ingestion, and filtration. The skin is an organ comprised of epithelial tissue which shields the body from earth, residue, microorganisms and different organisms that might be destructive. Cells of the epithelial tissue have various shapes as appeared on the understudies worksheet. Cells can be slim, level to cubic to extend. Connective tissue is the most plentiful and the most generally dispersed of the tissues. Connective tissues play out an assortment of capacities including backing and security. The accompanying tissues are found in the human body, customary free connective tissue, fat tissue, thick stringy tissue, ligament, bone, blood, and lymph, which are totally viewed as connective tissue. There are three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and heart. Skeletal muscle is an intentional kind of muscle tissue that is utilized in the compression of skeletal parts. Smooth muscle is found in the dividers of inside organs and veins. It is an automatic sort. The cardiovascular muscle is discovered uniquely in the dividers of the heart and is automatic in nature. Nerve tissue is made out of specific cells which get improvements as well as lead driving forces to and from all pieces of the body. Nerve cells or neurons are long and string-like. Recognize among five distinct kinds of connective tissue with instances of capacities and area inside the body. Fat greasy tissue; kind of free connective tissue that stores vitality, protects and pads the body Fibrous Tissue made out of groups of collagenous white filaments between which are columns of connective tissue cells. Bone tissue Most unbending connective tissue, inside backings body structures, dynamic tissue, mends significantly more quickly than ligament tissue Dense, adaptable tissue like bone tissue blood tissue Comprises of platelets encompassed by nonliving liquid network called plasma. Funcion: transport vehicle for cardiovascular framework, conveying supplements, squanders, respiratory gases, and numerous different subs through body hemopoietic tissue Produces platelets that are added to the flowing blood, expels destroyed platelets from the circulation system, red bone marrow, lymphatic tissue, yellow bone marrow Analyze five unique sorts of epithelial tissue with instances of capacities and area inside the body. Basic squamous-single layer of slim, level, versatile cells each with a focal core. It lines inner holes, the heart and all the veins. Additionally lines portions of the urinary, respiratory, and male conceptive tracts. Separated squamous-comprises of numerous layers of cells. Deepest layer produces cells that are first cuboidal or columnar fit as a fiddle, however as cells push toward the surface, they become smoothed and start to gather a protein called keratin and in the long amazing. Keratin makes the external layer of epidermis extreme, defensive, and ready to repulse water. The linings of the mouth, throat, butt-centric trench, and vagina are instances of defined epithelium. The furthest layer of cells encompassing the cavity stays delicate, soggy, and alive. Basic cuboidal-single layer of 3D square formed cells, each with a focal core. Found in tubules of the kidney and in the channels of numerous organs, where it has a defensive capacity. It likewise happens in the secretory segments of certain organs, where the tissue delivers and discharges emissions. Basic columnar-single layer of tall, round and hollow cells, each with a core close to the base. This tissue, which lines the stomach related tract from the stomach to the butt, secures, secretes, and permits assimilation of supplements. Pseudo delineated ciliated columnar-seems, by all accounts, to be layered, however in reality all cells contact the cellar film. Numerous cilia are situated on the free finish of every cell. In the human trachea, the cilia wave to and fro, moving bodily fluid and flotsam and jetsam up toward the throat with the goal that it can't enter the lungs. Smoking devastates these cilia, yet they will develop back if smoking is ended.

The Purpose and Utopic Nature of Violence in Russ The Female Man - Literature Essay Samples

Russ’ The Female Man is a key text of feminist science fiction. Writing in response to Ursula Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness, Russ explores â€Å"gender, Utopia and the divided self† (xii) in her convoluted narrative that spans multiple universes and hundreds of years. A key concept in this exploration is arguably the theme of violence, which plays a prominent part throughout the various plotlines. Postulated as both a cause of and answer to female repression, female violence serves various purposes in the four different universes, from Joanna’s attempt to subdue Janet’s independence, to Jael’s visceral murder of a man who propositions her. Russ’ use of violence is in places shocking, in others cathartic, but always thought provoking as she seeks to close the gap between what her women essentially are, and what they (in the case of Joanna and Jeannine in particular) pretend to be. While not a utopian text in and of itself, The Female Man contains within it a world many critics describe as utopian: Whileaway. However, Whileaway also contains examples of violence, which instinctively seems to contradict the idea of a perfect society, or a traditional utopia. However, in considering Whileaway as a response to and reflection on the deficiencies of female agency, an argument could be made that the perpetration of violence could be read as a utopian element. Russ narrative structure purposefully blurs the lines between the four worlds she explores. Through the segmentation of her chapters (parts), with often little obvious continuation between speakers and events, Russ invites comparison between characters, episodes, worlds, and occasionally between the fictional situations of the book and reality. The reader is forced to piece together multiple plotlines and events, all the while exploring the minds and stories of four different women who are then revealed to all be the same women, in different time continuums. This muddling of events and persons forces the audience to reflect on the theme of the Everywoman; the shared experience of the female gender, and the role women are relegated to, despite differences in culture and society. In turn, the novel contains many different examples of violence, in many contexts and of varying severity. The treatment and purpose of female violence, in such a convoluted text, is difficult to ascertain an d streamline. However, there are underlying themes and ideas which intersect and are amplified by Russ’ portrayal of female violence, as well as surrounding political structures which both validate and condemn violence throughout the novel. Violence is thus arguably not only a novel inclusion here, but intrinsic to the effect of the text as a whole, helping develop the characters, the conclusion, and indeed the reader’s understanding of reality through reflections on the limitations women are subjected to in society. The beginning of The Female Man is littered with examples of not only male oppression, but female repression: â€Å"I’ll watch the ailanthus tree† (4) Jeannine thinks, in agreeing to make love without wanting to. â€Å"Say it loud. Somebody will come to rescue you.† (44) Joanna instructs Janet, while praying she doesn’t rescue herself. Although both Jeannine and Joanna’s social worlds are the product of previous male oppression, the majority of the action concerns women and their interactions with one another. Violence in The Female Man works primarily with this repression as being of more importance, part of the ‘divided self’. We see violence perpetrated in three main ways: to support repression, to combat repression, and regulated in the unrepressed society of Whileaway. In supporting repression, Joanna ineffectively attempts to contain Janet, working towards ‘civilising’ her. During the party on Joanna’s earth, J oanna repeatedly kicks and even strangles Janet, in an attempt to prevent her from upending the status quo of male-female interactions. Interestingly, although depicted as quite vicious, it is unclear as to whether or not these actions are actually perpetrated, or whether they take place solely in Joannas mind as she watches on. The lack of reaction to Joannas actions by their male companions suggest that Joanna was either incredibly subtle, or did not actually touch Janet. However, one man does notice a change in Janets expression, supposedly due to Joannas restraint, and he chalks it up to his own effect on her, showing comical ignorance of the actions of women outside his own presuppositions. The latter idea echoes strongly with other episodes throughout the book the interview between Janet and the male reporter upon first contact, for example, or Cals sexual persistence despite Jeannines aversion. Joannas violence, then, can be treated either literally or metaphorically, althou gh there is a stronger case for reading it literally. In any case, it perpetuates the doctrine of her world; that women are secondary to men, to the point that women themselves will punish other women who overstep their bounds. This episode also touches upon the theme of invisibility, which both Joanna and Jeannine try to circumvent, and Janet and Jael are confused by and ignore respectively. The latter two women, used to being both seen and heard amongst the women of their own worlds, break through this lack of acknowledgment through violence the two major scenes of violence in the novel. In the first half of the book, Janet becomes the subject of unwanted sexual attention, relegated to the position of an object to be imposed upon rather than a person in her own right. Having already spent the better part of an evening attempting to at least partly follow the social mores of the partygoers, Janet loses patience and physically subdues the male host, although she does not cause lasting harm. In contrast, when Jael is subjected to unwanted male attention while she attempting to conduct business in Manland, she relishes in the anger this stirs up within her, and violently kills the man in question. Although each situation differs in context and outcome, the interactions between men and women in both episodes follow essentially the same structure. The men and women come together for conversation, during which the men are presented as comically oblivious to their own sense of inflated superiority. The men automatically treat the women as being inferior, seeing them first and foremost as sexual objects to bolster their own egos. The women initially quietly refrain from upsetting the flow of things, until the men’s overtures overstep their bounds, resulting in the women quickly and physically subduing them. The physical reactions of both Janet and Jael are cathartic in different ways. With Janet, we see a character who has already been established as being intelligent, independent, and entirely self-sufficient, pigeon-holed into the position of a helpless, sexual object: If you scream, people say youre melodramatic; if you submit, youre masochistic; if you call names, youre a bitch. Hit him and hell kill you. The best thing is to suffer mutely and yearn for a rescuer, but suppose the rescuer doesnt come? (45) This role ill-fits the headstrong Janet. The juxtaposition between what the audience knows her to be, and what the host of the party presumes she is, is incredibly comical. The misinterpretation of the word savage, the insults he throws at her, his flipping through his small blue instruction manual, all work to render him a figure of contempt and ridicule. However, the true humour of the interaction lies on the part of Janet, who simply cannot be insulted by the notion that she will be undesirable to men. By using a character who cannot partake in the male/female dichotomy, simply because it does not exist for her, Russ sends up the implications of a world where women are seen to exist solely for the benefit of men. Similarly, Jael, who is also free of this dichotomy, is able to commit violence without fear of repercussion. She genuinely enjoys the buildup of anger and frustration, caused by the lack of awareness of the overimposing man: This is the time for me to steal away, leaving behind half my lifes blood and promises, promises, promises; but you know what? I just cant do it. Its happened too often. I have no reserves left. I sat down, smiling brilliantly in sheer anticipation†¦ (172) By the time both women take down their respective men, the audience is primed for a release, an answer to the indignation both women have been subjected to. What differentiates the two scenes however is the gratuitous, satirical violence Jael inflicts upon her victims, and the reactions of the other women to her actions. Janet has already been established as being averse to needless violence in a conversation with Laura Rose, and here all three women are visibly frightened. In contrast, Janet’s violence leaves Joanna, and indeed the audience, questioning their experiences of similar interactions, rather than repulsed. Her calm defense of herself renders the alternative simply allowing the inappropriate behaviour to continue somewhat ridiculous. Both Jael and Janet seem justified for their actions in context, but in comparison, Jael’s actions feel more morally objectionable. â€Å"Was that necessary?† she is asked, and the answer is obviously no, but Jael instea d responds with â€Å"I liked it† (177). The same question could be posed of Janet, yet it is not. Instead, Janet gently persuades Joanna to throw her little pink book, symbolic of repression, away. This suggests that Russ’ ideas of acceptable violence and female expression have limits. While Jael’s violence befits the war her world is perpetuating, Janet’s home planet of Whileaway is entirely at peace with itself, but not entirely without conflict. Whileawayan society comprises a curious mixture of freedom and regulation. The incredibly structured system of life milestones and societal expectations are juxtaposed with fluid familial structures, freedom to travel, and the doctrine of personal independence in the midst of a strong social framework. Women are encouraged to be curious, to roam as far away from home as they please, to form and dissolve families as needed, and to marry without monogamy. When contrasted with the three other worlds of the novel, Whileawayan society seems the most perfect model for happiness, and indeed is overtly stated to be so: â€Å"Janet†¦ living as she does in a blessedness none of us will ever know† (206). And yet, there is no emphasis on Whileaway for the importance of happiness over all else. Instead, pass ages detailing life on Whileaway describe the various intense emotions that arise over the course of a normal life. Mothers and daughters â€Å"howl† when the daughters are sent to school (45), the â€Å"sickness† of falling in love (74), Janet’s â€Å"grief about (for)† Jael. Anger and violence are facets of this freedom of emotion, most obviously culminating in the perpetuation of duels. Comparable to the duels in reality between men throughout history, which were often intrinsically tied to honour and convention, these duels are regulated by both law and social expectation. There is also a clear difference between duelling and murder: â€Å"it’s murder if it’s sneaky or if she doesn’t want to fight† (53). Duels on Whileaway, while a product of mutual dislike, also do not occur out of hate: â€Å"For sport, yes, okay, for hatred no. Seperate them.† (48). Regulated as such, duelling becomes not an escape from the constr aints of society, but rather a part of the social structure. Whileawayan society seems organised to promote individual freedom over the societal conventions. This includes facilitating and regulating anger and violence, rather than condemning or ignoring it. Violence is also treated as a normal part of growth: â€Å"Understand, I have put all that behind me now; I am an adult; I have a family.† (41). Perhaps most importantly however, violence is not an expectation of young women, nor the province of a special few, but a choice that all are capable of making. In the short story prequel to The Female Man, Russ explores the society of Whileaway when threatened with male astronauts from a declining earth. The character Katherina is depicted as more of a pacifist, less aggressive and overtly confident than her wife. Yet it is she who fires a gun at her would-be conqueror, stating that the reason she never allowed herself a gun up until that point was not because she was afraid of violence, but because she was afraid she would commit violence . This is in contrast to traditional ideas of men and women in reality, who are viewed as inherently violent and nonviolent, and are treated accordingly. Similarly, the treatment of female violence in literature contemporary to The Female Man is fairly atypical. In writing her satirical feminist treatise, the SCUM Manifesto, Valerie Solanas suggests a process gratuitous violence by ‘SCUM’ women, in order to rid the world of men. At the time, she was met with a certain amount of condemnation and disgust, and the treatise was used to malign all feminists after Solanas’ attempted murder of Andy Warhol. However, Solanas perpetuates this idea of a divide between women capable and incapable of violence, condemning the latter to ruin. Another example of female violence, Tiptree Jr’s novella Houston Houston, Do You Read?, focuses on graphic male violence and only hints at physical female aggression at the conclusion. Neither text supposes violence as an inherent part of all female nature, but rather a means to an end, and neither advocate violence as recreation (although the manifesto lavishes in its violent language). While women were portrayed as strong in both examples, Whileaway is unique in its novel presentation of female violence for ‘sport’, motivated by inclination rather than necessity. In this female-only world, violence is portrayed as the ultimate release from the social expectations of bi-gendered universes, the ultimate freedom. Many critics discuss Whileaway as an example of a Utopian society. Whileaway certainly contains many conventions of utopias, but also defaults on some typical utopian ideals. In contrast to other utopian books, which focus on the political, economic, and social organisation of society, Russ depiction of Whileaway focuses more on the human result, rather than the facilitating system. This is a move away from the earlier writers of the genre, such as More, Morris, and Bellamy, whose novels are overly concerned with a possible political solution, however unlikely in practice, to the injustices of their day. Comparable with Perkins Gilmans Herland, Whileaway is not a solution, but rather a more reflective meditation on gender-imbalances. However, this does not automatically deny Whileaway the status of utopia, either. To deem Whileaway a utopia, or not a utopia, is a convoluted matter which necessitates a broader discussion of the genre in general. A simpler question to consider here ins tead is whether or not the regulated violence of Whileaway necessarily denies it the status of utopia altogether. Violence is a necessary component for the overall argument of The Female Man and an inherent part of Janet’s character; her violence is a product of Whileaway, yet she is lauded as being part of a ‘blessed’ society nonetheless. Can violence have a place in a utopia at all? If the purpose of a utopian society is to describe a perfect, peaceful, society, with all sources of conflict negated in favour of perpetual happiness, then Whileaway must be excluded. However, if the purpose of a utopia is to reflect upon the limitations of a certain sect of society, either by remedying or drawing attention to the perceived flaws in a positive way, then Whileaway is most definitely a utopia. Both understandings of the genre are possible, but this latter reading is supported by Carol Farley Kessler, who in her exploration of United States feminist utopias deems female utopias a somewhat different beast from their male counterparts in the organisation of ideas. Although there are similarities between the two, and both forms function on the premise of a perfect society, the female utopias she studied lean towards the economic, political and social liberation of women, with a focus on political structure as â€Å"a means to the end† (Kessler, 118). In contrast, m ore traditional male utopias focus on â€Å"public policy as ends in themselves† (118), assuming that people will automatically benefit, and fall into line. These differing focuses political structure versus human benefit create different utopias. Whileaway falls in with the female utopian tradition, commenting on the repression of women and solving the issue by imagining a fictional society of women whose independence is paramount to their culture. Happiness is arguably not the end goal. The women of Whileaway are spirited, fierce, intelligent but not strictly happy. â€Å"Eternal optimism hides behind†¦ dissatisfaction† (52) in Whileaway, but it cannot be argued that they do not enjoy a level of freedom unequaled by their female counterparts in other universes. Anger and violence is an explicit part of that freedom. In a letter to the journal Frontiers written in 1979, Russ once highlighted the issue of women concealing their â€Å"female appetite in a culture which denies it and punishes us for it†. In her essay The Image of Women in Science Fiction, Russ asserts that â€Å"there are plenty of images of women in science fiction. There are hardly any women.† In bringing violence to both The Female Man and the world of Whileaway, Russ seeks to mitigate both concerns. The violence found throughout the novel is intermittently cathartic, reprehensible, reflective, and thought provoking. Janet, Jael, Jeannine and Joanna are Everywoman, attempting to make their way in society without compromising who they are, with varying degrees of success. Janet comes from the ‘perfect’ world, and will return to live her life unfettered and free, a potentially utopia despite its flaws. Jeannine and Joanna will continue as best they can, no longer attempting to abase themselves for the ben efit of others. Jael continues the war, power hungry, unabashedly violent, entirely uncontrollable. Yet the conclusion of the novel is not for them, but for the reader. Russ’ last sentiment is as witty as the rest of the novel; when the book is no longer relevant, and no longer understood, when violence and repression are no longer remarkable, that is when it will have achieved its purpose. Bibliography: Russ, Joanna. The Female Man. Gollancz, 2010. Morris, William, and Clive Wilmer. News from Nowhere, and Other Writings. Penguin Books, 2004. Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward: from 2000 to 1887. Applewood Books, 2000. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Herland. Womens Press, 1986. More, Thomas, Utopia. ed. H. V. S. Odgen. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1949. Kessler, Carol Farley. â€Å"WOMEN DARING TO SPEAK: UNITED STATES WOMENS FEMINIST UTOPIAS.† Utopian Studies, no. 2, 1989, pp. 118–123. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20718913. Solanas, Valerie. SCUM MANIFESTO. Verso, 2016. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"Letter from Joanna Russ.† Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, 1979, pp. 71–71. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3346543. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"When It Changed.† Again, Dangerous Visions, ed. Harlan Ellison. Doubleday, 1972. Tiptree, James. Houston, Houston, Do You Read? Doubleday Book and Music Clubs, 1996. Russ, Joanna. â€Å"Red Clay Reader, No. 7, November 1970.† The Country You Have Never Seen: Essays and Reviews, Liverpool University Press, pp. 205-218

Women s Suffrage By Susan B. Anthony - 1724 Words

â€Å"Women, we might as well be dogs baying the moon as petitioners without the right to vote!† These were the famous words of a key leader in the women’s Suffrage Movement, Susan B. Anthony. In the past, the rights guaranteed to men were not applied to women, and therefore caused great injustice. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that women started to take a stand and fight for their voting rights. As a result, these actions caused a positive impact in our country and now, women have equal rights as men, as it should. There are some that say that it is just another part of history and that there is no importance behind it, in other words, it is irrelevant compared to the Civil Rights Movement for example. Women’s suffrage was a positive impact through the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, their hard work and contributions, and their succession in the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. First and foremost, the fight for women’s rights is something that has occurred throughout time not only in the United States, but in every part of the world. When it comes to the United States, one cannot deny that it was an important historical event. â€Å"The struggle for women’s suffrage in the United States had occupied better part of a century† (Source 1). Truly a struggle, for it was not acknowledged by men in the past, primarily white man who had full rights in the nation. Susan B. Anthony was an important leading figure of the Suffrage Movement and contributed to the Suffrage Movement.Show MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage By Susan B. Anthony Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesWoman s Suffrage was the struggle for woman s right to vote and run for office. The mid 19th- Century women in different countries formed organizations to fight for suffrage. The first international woman s rights organization formed the International Council of Women (ICW) in 1888. 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Leadership and People - 9624 Words

Promoting Servant Leadership in the Youth Defining Leading and Leadership Leading is defined as: 1. Influencing others to take action toward specific goal. 2. Guiding and directing on a course, and as serving as a channel. A leader is someone who has commanding influence. Leadership is defined as: 1. It is the process of influencing and directing activities of members toward goal accomplishment. 2. It is about ordinary people who care. People who care enough to get extra ordinary things done. 3. It is the capacity and will to rally men and women to a common purpose and the character which inspire confidence. 4. It is simply not an art (emotional/instinctual) or a science (rational/acquired). It is a blend of the†¦show more content†¦And he is generous with his praise of my work – I guess, because this reflects well on his leadership in the eyes of outsiders. But at the same time and probably for the same reason, he comes down hard when we make mistakes or he feels that we have let him down. I sometimes resent being so uninvolved and feeling so unimportant. I would like to speak out and even disagree with the leader – for he is not right all the time, but I’m not sure how this would go over with the others in the group. While we spend a lot of time talking about the boss and his ways outside meetings, we tend to turn into lambs when he is around. I guess it is because we would not like to hurt and upset him. So things keep going on in the usual way. 2. Democratic or Participative Style Characteristics of democratic leaders can be summed up in the following: †¢ They are generally as concerned with maintaining group effectiveness as with completing the task to be done. †¢ They encourage members in their groups to express their ideas and feelings, because they believe that such a climate leads to greater creativity and commitment. †¢ If they encounter resistance or conflicts, they allow them to surface and they seek the help of their groups in removing the resistance or resolving the conflicts. †¢ They encourage joint decision-making as well as shared goal-setting. †¢ They rarely set policies without explaining the reasons and proposing them toShow MoreRelatedLeadership and People3116 Words   |  13 Pagesa Leader By: John Maxwell Leadership Outline 1. Character 2. Charisma 3. Commitment 4. Communication 5. Competence 6. Courage 7. Discernment 8. Focus 9. Generosity 10. Initiative 11. Listening 12. Passion 13. Positive Attitude 14. Problem Solving 15. Relationships 16. Responsibility 17. Security 18. Self-Discipline 19. Servanthood 20. Teachibility 21. Vision Character: â€Å"Leadership is the capacity and will to rallyRead MoreLeadership Is The Process Of Influencing People945 Words   |  4 PagesNurse Leader According to Huber (2010), leadership is â€Å"the process of influencing people to accomplish goals† (p. 4). Management is then defined as the process of coordinating and integrating resources by planning, directing, and organizing. Huber (2010) then goes on to explain that effective leadership is a blend of both leadership and management principles and techniques. It is important for nurses in management positions to demonstrate effective leadership qualities. 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What is means to be an effectiveRead MoreLeadership Is A Process Of Interaction Between People1433 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over time, theories of leadership have been a long time evolved, so far there are varies of definition of leadership. The most adequate definition that was agreed by this paper is â€Å"leadership is a process of interaction between people; is a behaviour that can influence a man or a group of people† (Xu, 2003, p. 46). In conclusion, leadership is a power that can influence, guide people to achieve the target that they all have. Management style means the leadership practices, Zagorsek, Jaklic Read MoreCan Leadership Be Learned Or Are Some People?1492 Words   |  6 PagesThere is the famous question: can leadership be learned or are some people simply born to be leaders? The answer to this question has been debated over and over. The preliminary question that must be considered however is what qualities make a good leader. Certain skills and behaviors are logical must haves, still there are many that are not as obvious; even as intellect is a definite requisite, for exampl e, being trained and well educated are just some ways intelligence and know-how can be acquiredRead MoreChurch Leadership : The Key Community Of People1593 Words   |  7 Pageskeys to success Church leadership, along with teams that are sent to the mission field should work together in identifying what needs to be done for the particular community of people. A relevant example of critical caring was in a local church body. The Worship Experience team, made up of a 200+ member choir, had clearly identified a group within this church community that would care for one another in satisfying common goals, and to accomplish the task of helping people get through tough timesRead MoreLeadership Is The Personal Capability Of Influencing A Group Of People1246 Words   |  5 Pages Mehdy Alany Leadership University of Phoenix MGT 521 â€Æ' Leadership is the personal capability of influencing a group of people to initiate a goal and to motivate them to work towards achieving that goal (â€Å"Leadership,† 2010). It is important to distinguish between leadership and authority for that, authority does not always indicate a person being in a leadership position. A leader can be in any organizational position, whether high or low, and still have the power to guide others in accordanceRead MoreLeadership Is Not A Common Entity Among The Ideals Of People Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of leadership is not a common entity among the ideals of people. Most people are just looking for a leader to lead them but are not willing to step up and be the leader themselves. Leadership can come in many different forms and is based off of the followers and the experiences they live. Leadership, whether it come from the traits someone is born with or the skill set they have acquired over time, I believe is something eve ryone should aspire to have. I believe that everyone should

Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Report for Entrepreneurship of Entrepreneurial Motivation. Answer: Introduction: Entrepreneurial motivation plays a significant role in psychological throughout the process of entrepreneurship. According to Barba-Snchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2012), entrepreneurs cannot overcome the difficulties and pressures and continue to bear a series of the uncertainty without motivation. Baum, Frese and Baron (2014) stated that Motivation is a very broad and very complex psychological phenomenon which stimulate and sustain activities of individuals and to lead the activities towards a certain goal as these psychological phenomena is the basis of the constitutions of most of human behavior. Current research on entrepreneurship has focused largely on macro-level environmental forces. Although entrepreneurship largely depends on the decisions that individuals make about how to undertake the decisions and how such decisions are influenced by the economic and cultural environment. Research Informed Literature: Employee motivation is one of the key drivers of the success of the entrepreneur (Adamu, Kedah and Osman-Gani 2013). The active participation of newly created enterprises in dynamic economies has attracted considerable interest among academicians (Solesvik 2013). However, its contribution towards the growth of the economy is not said to be easy and entrepreneurs meets a lot of resistance on their journey (Webb et al. 2013). There are several variables are identified which can be considered common features of entrepreneurship including independent desire, high tendency to risk, broader need for achievement, locus towards the organizational control, and exploring broader chance for innovation. In the generalized idea, traits and characteristics has played a furthermost relevance to start-up decision-making in the context of the entrepreneurial personality (Byrne and Shepherd 2015). The consideration of start-up decision is thus such as the product of motives and intensions that vary ac cording to individualists traits and abilities of entrepreneurship. While taking decision for the success of the start-up venture, social and psychological influences are playing large role. It is always important to recognize the social cognition as thing about people. By utilizing the certain interpersonal traits such as risk taking ability, flexibility, energy and motivation, the entrepreneur can be able to design an organization and establish a social surroundings to perform comprehensively (Frese and Gielnik 2014). However, the narrow set of characteristics possessed by the small group often makes the average persons stereotypes of an entrepreneur (Garud and Giuliani 2013). On the contrary, Douglas and Fitzsimmons (2013) defined business is essential for the progress of the nation. Contribution towards the wellbeing of the society in several ways to improve living conditions of the people, the new startups and ongoing ventures often involved in sponsorship, welfare programs to provide the less privileged with benefits to improve their living conditions. The social entrepreneurship is another perspective of the environmental motivation which has increasingly become an important aspect for the development of economy because it creates economic and social values in the following areas: Employment development: By largely influenced by the economic and cultural environment, an entrepreneurial motivation is significantly contributes in job and employment creation (Garud, Gehman and Giuliani 2014). Social enterprises offer opportunities for employment and job training to segments of society at any employment disadvantage (Minola, Criaco and Obschonka 2016). Innovation/New goods or services: By developing new products and services, the entrepreneurs largely contribute in social and economic developments. For instance, the Brazilian social entrepreneur Veronica Khosa has a face renowned face that developed a home-based care model for AIDS patients. The nation has changed the government healthy policy later. Social capital: Entrepreneurial thought defines knowledge-structure of people who use judgments, evaluations and decisions which include using opportunities, risk taking and growth (Byrne and Shepherd 2015). By this approach they are largely contributed in the creation of social capital. The World Bank also sees social capital as critical for poverty alleviation and sustainable human and economic development. Equity promotion: The entrepreneurial motivation largely encourages for addressing social issues and to achieve ongoing sustainable impact through their social mission rather than purely profit-maximization (Audretsch, Kuratko and Link 2015). Therefore, the cultural motivation significantly influenced to contribute as change agents providing leading edge-innovation to unaccomplished social and economic needs. Knowledge and Understanding of the perspective of Entrepreneurial motivation and its contribution: Motivation is the internal psychological process of initiating, energizing, directing and maintaining goal-oriented behavior. According to Baum, Frese and Baron (2014), motivation is identified the psychological or psychological deficiency or need that activates behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. By giving efforts towards the organizational goals, the organization extended their social and economic contribution under effective entrepreneurs within the enterprise. There were several motivational researchers explored previously and discussed its effect or contributions on entrepreneurship. However, most of the definitions are found as inconsistent which make it difficult to draw directly implications of prior work for research using such definition. Earlier researches have correctly disapproved of an ample of the present experimental research on the function of human motivation in entrepreneurship (Snchez and Sahuquillo 2012). Hayton and Cacciotti (2013) indicated that activities of entrepreneurial can be conceptualized as a function of opportunity, structures and motivated entrepreneurs with access to resources. On the contrary, the researchers indentified numinous human motivations that largely influenced the process of the entrepreneurial factors. This entrepreneurial factors is the result of both motivational as well as the cognitive factors which includes ability skills and intelligence. Unfortunately, a clear connection between entrepreneurship and cognition is still not established because all such researches have newly explored. By the process of cognitive studies, the entrepreneurs can understand the how to achieve sustainable learning in order to see opportunities. This upgrades the entrepreneurial thinking and helps personality to shape through and within the culture. In several researches this has been discovered that culture is one of the factors that determine entrepreneurship; and this result created a lot of interest towards the relationship between the cognitive process and entrepreneurship. Previously, majority of researchers considered culture of the entrepreneurship and the personality as the core factors that affect entrepreneurship. In the recent times, however, the researchers have recognized the cognitive research theories in order to discuss the entrepreneurial thinking. Under the cognitive perspective, there are several factors are evaluated such as high level of uncertainty, pressure of time and exhaustion affect human cognition continuously and make people take new and sharp decisions all the time, strong emotions in the face of incidents and so on (Solesvik 2013). Therefore, this can be concluded that the cognitive process of entrepreneurial thinking has changed the complete perspectives of the corporate entrepreneurship by the characteristics of three functions such as development of new business units by established firm, development and implement of entrepreneurial strategies and emergence of new ideas from various levels in the organization. By these practices it is important to remember the cultural considerations while authorizing duties such as open communication, seek innovation, tolerance of failure accepts mistakes and so on. Analysis: Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intentions are indeed different on the psychological front; however several researchers identified those as an entrepreneurial aspiration, idea and driving force (Hayton and Cacciotti 2013). As for environment factors, they include overall condition of political, economic, and cultural factors and the surroundings and supporting degree of entrepreneurship from the government, all of these factors could influence entrepreneurial motivation. To discuss the current perspective of entrepreneurial motivation, it is important to identify the process of entrepreneurship for various reasons. According to Stenholm, Acs and Wuebker (2013), entrepreneurship drives innovation and the changes of technicalities, which are largely responsible in generation of economic growth. On the other hand, entrepreneurship is significant process by which new knowledge people can comprehend its role in the human development and intellectual capital. The article dep icts that entrepreneurship involves human agency. This process occurs because people act to pursue opportunities. There is an individual willingness and abilities which instigates to act on these opportunities because of the non-motivational individual differences. Abraham Maslow and Frederick Irving Herzberg theory of human needs identified psychological forces which drive human behavior. On the contrary, the Trait theory of entrepreneurship identified certain specific traits or characteristics or competencies which made them capable of generating new ideas and invent new ventures. Researchers have shown that the peoples willingness to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities depends on such things as their costs of opportunity, their stocks of financial capital, their social ties with investors and their career experience. In this article the researcher mainly identifies key features of entrepreneurship which includes innovation, risk taking abilities and opportunity spotting. On the other hand, Lin and Fernandez-Serrano (2014) measures entrepreneurial motivation on multiple dimensions including achievement, challenge and learning, independence and autonomy, recognition and status, social and community motivations and security of income and financial success and so on. Thus individual drivers of entrepreneurial motivation can be differentiated by the contractual drivers such as regional and national characteristics including macro-economic variables (GDP), formal institutions (systems of welfares and property rights) and informal institutions/national culture (Dim itratos et al. 2016). Barba-Snchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2012) discussed that the motivational influence of entrepreneurs has a significant role in economic growth. The growth of the nation, typically measured as GDP per capital is often considered as proxy indicator for the availability of resources to potential entrepreneurs. On the similar context, the deprivation level of the region is used to indicate the availability of opportunities and resources in a region. However, several studies have criticized because no on e investigating direct impacts of economic recession or the level of unemployment on entrepreneurial motivations (Yitshaki and Kropp 2016). An entrepreneur is a person who perceives a need that brings together manpower, material, requirement of capital to accomplish that need. In the modern business context, modern economic development is closely linked with production. The entrepreneur directs production and he has the working flexibility which is necessary for its success. In the general perspectives, the motivation is complex psychological phenomenon (Gupta, Chiles and McMullen 2016); it is influenced by the complexity of the individual factors as well as the environmental factors. Here the researcher evaluates how entrepreneurs prefer to manage risk. Compared to steady individual work, there is more uncertainty associated in the development of the new business; entrepreneurs have to bear the relatively high risk. On the contrary, Chell et al. (2016) pointed out that entrepreneurs of the larger organization took risk propensity as a controlled variable as it is found that risk propensity has important relationship bet ween the dependent variable. On the contrary several scholars recognized that entrepreneurs and managers have the difference in risk propensity. However, few have differentiated certain risks on the perspective of entrepreneurs and mangers. On the contrary, there are quite many scholars do not recognize that ten entrepreneur has higher risk propensity. They believe that entrepreneurs of the larger organization have the higher risks propensity because of their small received risk. According to Yitshaki and Kropp (2016), Everyone is an entrepreneur when he actually carries out new combinations. The environmental discovery is all about finding new combinations of factors or production that will become the main divers of the economic development. By this approach, it would be better ways to meet existing demand or develop new products, often making suitable technologies and product obsolete. Dimitratos et al. 2016) stated that the firm of the innovative entrepreneur will grow through the dual process of taking market share from current suppliers and increasing overall demand for the products offered in the market. Therefore, the deliberate entrepreneurial efforts can change market structures and can be propitious for additional innovations and opportunities of profits. This theoretical approach suggests that the cycle of the business are seem as the result of innovation, which consists of the generation of the new idea and its applied in the development of the ne w product, process and service, leading to the dynamic growth of the nation economy, the increase of employment and generation of profit for the innovative enterprise. However, such innovation must design after the requirements of the human relations. Several researchers referred Mayos Theory of Human Relations which addresses social needs of the workers in an organization. This entrepreneurial motivation theory sufficiently motivates employees to put their best effort after considering the social needs of them. In this way, the motivation plays a driving force behind all peoples actions. Those entrepreneurs who understand and use these theories that were developed previously in the literature, will be surely be able to motivate workers to work diligently and productivity. Practical Application and Deployment: After discussing entrepreneurial motivation and examining the influences over economic and cultural environment, this researcher developed a clear idea about that there is no single entrepreneurial personality or behaviors are dynamic in that they evolve over time. The research explores that work on the behavioral determinants and motivations of entrepreneurs can be divided into characteristics and cognitions (Solesvik 2013). Characteristics include demographics, traits and competencies. Cognitions include pattern recognition, styles of decision making, perception and heuristics. These concepts will enable an individual to understand variables of characteristics such as risk taking abilities and opportunity spotting. Furthermore, this researcher also formulate the idea that entrepreneurship is not solely the result of human actions, but it also influenced by the external factors such as the status of the economy, the actions of competitors, the availability of venture capital. Thus t he researcher identified that environmental factors are filed constant but several researchers argued that human motivation plays a critical role in the entrepreneurial process (Frese and Gielnik 2014). This concept facilitates user to formulate innovative and creative solution for the growth of the nation. For example, an entrepreneur shall be taken decision regarding the product development after identifying the market opportunities and the organizations risk taking abilities. However, a creative solution will be considered successful if an entrepreneur comprehensively contributes towards the nation economy after considering the socio-economic factors. The practical demonstration of entrepreneurship must be evaluated by discussed motivational theories. For instance, entrepreneurs will identify the social needs of the workers by the help of Mayos theory of human relations. Considering the psychological factors into the entrepreneurship, the authority will definitely manage the econ omic and cultural work environment. However, the secondary information about the dynamic concepts related to the entrepreneurial motivations shall be understood by the entrepreneur to perform more effectively. Skills for Professional Practice: In the general perspective, firm must continuously innovate in order to flexible, competitive and reactive to change. However, an entrepreneur often followed different motivational perspectives for initial of a business and explores how these differences influenced on the business performances. As per the survey report of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (Farhangmehr, Gonalves and Sarmento 2016) the motivations often evaluated on the basis of conventional opportunity driven and necessity- driven. For instance, Dav Lewis, the CEO of Tesco was followed a different motivation towards the success of the business. Cutting costs and energizing staff with innovative marketing campaign was the main motivational factor of the CEO (Cohen and Sharma 2016). This is a necessary-driven entrepreneurship skill which practiced for maintaining the competitive edge in the market. To involve in decision making process, the organization has given a perfect evidence of collaborative and working c onditions for their employees which greatly motivated them to perform better. A group of health care professionals (HCP) has followed the entrepreneurs psychological and cognitive profile and largely influenced the willingness of firm creation (Marques et al. 2013). By this evidence this can be concluded that entrepreneurial motivation has different perspective and largely influenced by the economic and cultural environment. References: Adamu, I.M., Kedah, Z. and Osman-Gani, A.M., 2013. Entrepreneurial motivation, performance and commitment to social responsibility: toward future research.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,18(2), pp.194-210. Audretsch, D.B., Kuratko, D.F. and Link, A.N., 2015. Making sense of the elusive paradigm of entrepreneurship.Small Business Economics,45(4), pp.703-712. Barba-Snchez, V. and Atienza-Sahuquillo, C., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones Europeas de Direccin y Economa de la Empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Barba-Snchez, V. and Atienza-Sahuquillo, C., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones Europeas de Direccin y Economa de la Empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Byrne, O. and Shepherd, D.A., 2015. Different strokes for different folks: Entrepreneurial narratives of emotion, cognition, and making sense of business failure.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(2), pp.375-405. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Cohen, A. and Sharma, P., 2016.Entrepreneurs in Every Generation: How Successful Family Businesses Develop Their Next Leaders. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Dimitratos, P., Buck, T., Fletcher, M. and Li, N., 2016. The motivation of international entrepreneurship: The case of Chinese transnational entrepreneurs.International Business Review. Dimitratos, P., Buck, T., Fletcher, M. and Li, N., 2016. The motivation of international entrepreneurship: The case of Chinese transnational entrepreneurs.International Business Review. Douglas, E.J. and Fitzsimmons, J.R., 2013. Intrapreneurial intentions versus entrepreneurial intentions: distinct constructs with different antecedents.Small Business Economics,41(1), pp.115-132. Farhangmehr, M., Gonalves, P. and Sarmento, M., 2016. Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students: The role of entrepreneurship education.Education+ Training,58(7/8). Frese, M. and Gielnik, M.M., 2014. The psychology of entrepreneurship.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.413-438. Garud, R. and Giuliani, A.P., 2013. A narrative perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.157-160. Garud, R., Gehman, J. and Giuliani, A.P., 2014. Contextualizing entrepreneurial innovation: A narrative perspective.Research Policy,43(7), pp.1177-1188. Gupta, V.K., Chiles, T.H. and McMullen, J.S., 2016. A process perspective on evaluating and conducting effectual entrepreneurship research.Academy of Management Review,41(3), pp.540-544. Hayton, J.C. and Cacciotti, G., 2013. Is there an entrepreneurial culture? A review of empirical research.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,25(9-10), pp.708-731. Lin, F. and Fernandez-Serrano, J., 2014. National culture, entrepreneurship and economic development: different patterns across the European Union.Small Business Economics,42(4), pp.685-701. Marques, C.S., Ferreira, J.J., Ferreira, F.A. and Lages, M.F., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and motivation to start up a business: evidence from the health service industry.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,9(1), pp.77-94. Minola, T., Criaco, G. and Obschonka, M., 2016. Age, culture, and self-employment motivation.Small Business Economics,46(2), pp.187-213. Snchez, V.B. and Sahuquillo, C.A., 2012. Entrepreneurial behavior: impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture.Investigaciones europeas de direccin y economa de la empresa,18(2), pp.132-138. Solesvik, M.Z., 2013. Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions: investigating the role of education major.Education+ Training,55(3), pp.253-271. Stenholm, P., Acs, Z.J. and Wuebker, R., 2013. Exploring country-level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity.Journal of Business Venturing,28(1), pp.176-193. Webb, J.W., Bruton, G.D., Tihanyi, L. and Ireland, R.D., 2013. Research on entrepreneurship in the informal economy: Framing a research agenda.Journal of Business Venturing,28(5), pp.598-614. Yitshaki, R. and Kropp, F., 2016. Motivations and opportunity recognition of social entrepreneurs.Journal of Small Business Management,54(2), pp.546-565.